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1 Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
2 Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
3 Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
4 Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: laughlinm{at}missouri.edu.
The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that interval sprint training (IST) selectively increases endothelium-dependent dilation (EDD) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and/or superoxide dismutase (SOD-1) protein content in arteries and/or arterioles that perfuse the white portion of rat gastrocnemius muscle (WG). Male Sprague Dawley rats completed 10 wks of IST (n = 28) or remained sedentary (SED) (n = 30). IST rats performed six 2.5 min exercise bouts, with 4.5 min rest between bouts (60 m/min, 15% incline), 5 days/wk. EDD was assessed from acetylcholine (ACH) induced increases in muscle blood flow measured in situ and by ACH-induced dilation of arteries and arterioles (1A-3A) that perfuse red (RG) gastrocnemius muscle and WG. Artery protein content was determined with immunoblot analysis. ACH-induced increases in blood flow were enhanced in WG of IST rats. eNOS content was increased in conduit arteries, gastrocnemius feed artery (GFA), and 4A arterioles from WG and 5As of RG but not in 2As from RG. Endothelium-dependent vasodilation was examined in 2As and 3As from a subset of IST and SED rats. Arterioles were canulated with micropipettes and intraluminal pressure set at 60 cm H2O. Results indicate that passive diameter (measured in 0 calcium PSS) of WG2As was similar in IST and SED, whereas diameter of WG3A arterioles was greater in IST (96 ± 8 µm) than SED (73 ± 4 µm). WG 2As and 3A's of IST rats exhibited greater spontaneous tone but sensitivity to stretch, phenylephrine and sodium nitroprusside was similar to SED arterioles. ACH-induced dilation was enhanced by IST in WG2As but not in RG2As or WG3As. We conclude that IST induces vascular adaptations, non-uniformly among arteries that perfuse WG muscle.
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