Journal of Applied Physiology
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J Appl Physiol (June 4, 2004). doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00060.2004
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Submitted on January 20, 2004
Accepted on May 16, 2004

Non-Nutritive Swallowing and Respiration Relationships in Preterm Lambs

Philippe Reix1, Julie Arsenault1, Carole Langlois2, Theophile Niyonsenga2, and Jean-Paul Praud1*

1 Department of Pediatrics and Physiology, Neonatal Respiratory Research Unit, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
2 Department of Public Health, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: Jean-Paul.Praud{at}USherbrooke.ca.

The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of the different states of alertness on (1) non-nutritive swallowing (NNS) frequency, (2) the relationship between NNS and the respiratory cycle, and (3) the association of NNS with spontaneous apneas. Recordings of sleep states, diaphragm and laryngeal constrictor electrical activity, nasal flow, electrocardiogram, respiratory inductance plethysmography and pulse oximetry were obtained from six preterm lambs without sedation. Analysis of 2468 NNS showed that: (1) NNS frequency was higher during quiet wakefulness and active sleep (AS) than in quiet sleep; (2) in all states of alertness, a greater number of NNS (38%) were preceded and followed by an inspiration; (3) while NNS and central apneas were rarely coincidental, AS appeared to favor their association; (4) most obstructive apneas occured in AS and were coincidental with bursts of NNS. In comparison with results in full-term lambs, premature birth does not modify the NNS-respiratory coordination. However, AS in preterm lambs is characterized by a higher association of NNS bursts with obstructive apneas.




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