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1 Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
2 School of Clinical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
3 Department of Anaesthesia, University Hospitals of South Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: spsjmort{at}livjm.ac.uk.
The exercise-induced expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in rodent models is relatively well defined. In contrast, comparable data from human studies are limited and the exercise-induced stress response of human skeletal muscle is far from understood. This study has characterised the time-course and magnitude of the HSP response in the skeletal muscles of a healthy active but untrained young male population following a running exercise protocol. Eight subjects performed 45 min of treadmill running at a speed corresponding to their lactate threshold (11.7 ± 0.5 km.h -1; 69.8 ± 4.8 % VO2max). Muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis muscle immediately prior to and at 24h, 48h, 72h and 7 days post-exercise. Exercise induced a significant (P<0.05) but variable increase in HSP70, HSC70 and HSP60 expression with peak increases (typically occurring at 48 h post-exercise) to 210%, 170% and 139% of pre-exercise levels, respectively. In contrast, exercise did not induce a significant increase in either HSP27, 
B-crystallin, superoxide dismutase 2 (MnSOD) protein content or the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase. When examining baseline protein levels, HSC70, HSP27 and B-crystallin appeared consistently expressed between subjects whereas HSP70 and MnSOD displayed marked individual variation of up to 3-fold and 1.5 fold, respectively. These data are the first to define the time-course and extent of HSP production in human skeletal muscle following a moderately demanding and non-damaging running exercise protocol. Data demonstrate a differential effect of aerobic exercise on specific HSPs.
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