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during the early stages of functional overload of a rat slow and fast muscle
1 Kinesiology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States
2 Exercise Science, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, Washington, United States
3 Brain Research Institute, UCLA School of Medicine, Center for Health Sciences, Los Angeles, California, United States
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: khuey{at}uiuc.edu.
Early events in response to abrupt increases in activation and loading with muscle functional overload (FO) are associated with increased damage and inflammation. Hsp25 may protect against these stressors and its expression can be regulated by muscle loading and activation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the responses of Hsp25, phosphorylated Hsp25 (pHsp25) and TNF
during FO of the slow soleus and fast plantaris. We compared Hsp25 mRNA, Hsp25 protein, pHsp25, and TNF responses in the soleus and plantaris after 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 7 days of FO. Hsp25 and pHsp25 were quantified in soluble and insoluble fractions. Hsp25 mRNA increased immediately in both muscles and decreased with continued FO. However, Hsp25 mRNA levels were consistently higher in the muscles of FO than control rats. In the soluble fraction, Hsp25 increased in the plantaris after 2 to 7 days of FO with the greatest response at 3 and 7 days. The pHsp25 response to FO was greater in the plantaris than soleus at all points in the soluble fraction and at 0.5 days in the insoluble fraction. TNF levels in the plantaris, but not soleus, were higher than control at 0.5 to 2 days of FO. This may have contributed to the greater FO response in pHsp25 in the plantaris than soleus as TNF increased pHsp25 in C2C12 myotubes. These results suggest that the initial responses of pHsp25 and TNF to mechanical stress and inflammation associated with FO are greater in a fast than slow extensor muscle.
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