| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1 Department of Exercise Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA; Shepherd Center, Athens, GA, USA
2 Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: gradams{at}uci.edu.
Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in muscle atrophy which contributes to a number of health problems such as cardiovascular deconditioning, metabolic derangement, and osteoporosis. Electromyostimulation (EMS) holds the promise of ameliorating SCI related muscle atrophy and therefore improving general health. To date, EMS training of long term SCI subjects has resulted in some muscle hypertrophy but has fallen short of normalizing muscle mass. The aim of this study was to compare the molecular responses of vastus lateralis muscles from able bodied (AB) and SCI subjects following acute bouts of EMS induced resistance exercise to determine if SCI muscles displayed some impairment in response. Analysis included mRNA markers known to be responsive to increased loading in rodent muscles. Muscles of AB and SCI subjects were subjected to EMS stimulated exercise in two 30 minute bouts separated by a 24 hour rest. Needle biopsy samples were obtained 24 hours after the second exercise bout. In both the AB and SCI muscles, significant changes were seen IGFBP4, IGFBP5, cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor p21 and myogenin mRNA levels. In AB subjects the mRNA for mechano-growth factor (MGF) was also increased. Prior to exercise, the total RNA concentration of the SCI muscles was less than that of the AB subjects but not different post-exercise. The results of this study indicate that acute bouts of resistance exercise stimulate molecular responses in the skeletal muscles of both AB and SCI subjects. The responses seen in the SCI muscles indicate that the systems which regulate these molecular responses are intact even after extended periods of muscle unloading.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  V. J. Caiozzo, F. Haddad, S. Lee, M. Baker, W. Paloski, and K. M. Baldwin Artificial gravity as a countermeasure to microgravity: a pilot study examining the effects on knee extensor and plantar flexor muscle groups J Appl Physiol, July 1, 2009; 107(1): 39 - 46. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. W. Bodell, E. Kodesh, F. Haddad, F. P. Zaldivar, D. M. Cooper, and G. R. Adams Skeletal muscle growth in young rats is inhibited by chronic exposure to IL-6 but preserved by concurrent voluntary endurance exercise J Appl Physiol, February 1, 2009; 106(2): 443 - 453. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. A. Dennis, B. Przybyla, C. Gurley, P. M. Kortebein, P. Simpson, D. H. Sullivan, and C. A. Peterson Aging alters gene expression of growth and remodeling factors in human skeletal muscle both at rest and in response to acute resistance exercise Physiol Genomics, February 19, 2008; 32(3): 393 - 400. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J.-s. Kim, J. K. Petrella, J. M. Cross, and M. M. Bamman Load-mediated downregulation of myostatin mRNA is not sufficient to promote myofiber hypertrophy in humans: a cluster analysis J Appl Physiol, November 1, 2007; 103(5): 1488 - 1495. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. R. Adams, F. Haddad, P. W. Bodell, P. D. Tran, and K. M. Baldwin Combined isometric, concentric, and eccentric resistance exercise prevents unloading-induced muscle atrophy in rats J Appl Physiol, November 1, 2007; 103(5): 1644 - 1654. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. M. Bamman, J. K. Petrella, J.-s. Kim, D. L. Mayhew, and J. M. Cross Cluster analysis tests the importance of myogenic gene expression during myofiber hypertrophy in humans J Appl Physiol, June 1, 2007; 102(6): 2232 - 2239. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Garma, C. Kobayashi, F. Haddad, G. R. Adams, P. W. Bodell, and K. M. Baldwin Similar acute molecular responses to equivalent volumes of isometric, lengthening, or shortening mode resistance exercise J Appl Physiol, January 1, 2007; 102(1): 135 - 143. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. L. Olesen, K. M. Heinemeier, F. Haddad, H. Langberg, A. Flyvbjerg, M. Kjaer, and K. M. Baldwin Expression of insulin-like growth factor I, insulin-like growth factor binding proteins, and collagen mRNA in mechanically loaded plantaris tendon J Appl Physiol, July 1, 2006; 101(1): 183 - 188. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Haddad and G. R. Adams Aging-sensitive cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with skeletal muscle hypertrophy J Appl Physiol, April 1, 2006; 100(4): 1188 - 1203. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. H. Lang, B. J. Krawiec, D. Huber, J. M. McCoy, and R. A. Frost Sepsis and inflammatory insults downregulate IGFBP-5, but not IGFBP-4, in skeletal muscle via a TNF-dependent mechanism Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, April 1, 2006; 290(4): R963 - R972. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J.-s. Kim, D. J. Kosek, J. K. Petrella, J. M. Cross, and M. M. Bamman Resting and load-induced levels of myogenic gene transcripts differ between older adults with demonstrable sarcopenia and young men and women J Appl Physiol, December 1, 2005; 99(6): 2149 - 2158. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J.-s. Kim, J. M. Cross, and M. M. Bamman Impact of resistance loading on myostatin expression and cell cycle regulation in young and older men and women Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, June 1, 2005; 288(6): E1110 - E1119. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Yang, A. Creer, B. Jemiolo, and S. Trappe Time course of myogenic and metabolic gene expression in response to acute exercise in human skeletal muscle J Appl Physiol, May 1, 2005; 98(5): 1745 - 1752. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Haddad, F. Zaldivar, D. M. Cooper, and G. R. Adams IL-6-induced skeletal muscle atrophy J Appl Physiol, March 1, 2005; 98(3): 911 - 917. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. S. Bickel, J. Slade, E. Mahoney, F. Haddad, G. A. Dudley, and G. R. Adams Time course of molecular responses of human skeletal muscle to acute bouts of resistance exercise J Appl Physiol, February 1, 2005; 98(2): 482 - 488. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Haddad, K. M. Baldwin, and P. A. Tesch Pretranslational markers of contractile protein expression in human skeletal muscle: effect of limb unloading plus resistance exercise J Appl Physiol, January 1, 2005; 98(1): 46 - 52. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. M. Bamman, R. C. Ragan, J.-s. Kim, J. M. Cross, V. J. Hill, S. C. Tuggle, and R. M. Allman Myogenic protein expression before and after resistance loading in 26- and 64-yr-old men and women J Appl Physiol, October 1, 2004; 97(4): 1329 - 1337. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. M. Phillips, B. G. Stewart, D. J. Mahoney, A. L. Hicks, N. McCartney, J. E. Tang, S. B. Wilkinson, D. Armstrong, and M. A. Tarnopolsky Body-weight-support treadmill training improves blood glucose regulation in persons with incomplete spinal cord injury J Appl Physiol, August 1, 2004; 97(2): 716 - 724. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. R. Adams, D. C. Cheng, F. Haddad, and K. M. Baldwin Skeletal muscle hypertrophy in response to isometric, lengthening, and shortening training bouts of equivalent duration J Appl Physiol, May 1, 2004; 96(5): 1613 - 1618. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Haddad and G. R. Adams Inhibition of MAP/ERK kinase prevents IGF-I-induced hypertrophy in rat muscles J Appl Physiol, January 1, 2004; 96(1): 203 - 210. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH |
| Visit Other APS Journals Online |
