Journal of Applied Physiology AJP: Cell Physiology
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J Appl Physiol 102: 2417, 2007; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00245.2007
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LETTER TO THE EDITOR

Reply to George

REPLY: The authors thank Dr. George for her letter (4) and interest in protein chemistry in pigeons.

Dr. George suggests that electrophoretic measurement of albumin would have been preferred to the bromocresol green method used in the Hitachi 911. A recent paper (8) raised questions about the reliability of electrophoresis in quantifying different bands of protein including albumin concentration in birds, and it remains undetermined whether electrophoresis provides a more reliable method for determining plasma or serum albumin concentration in birds than the bromocresol green technique. Moreover, when deriving a factor (such as Atot) from another factor (such as albumin concentration), which is in the denominator, it is preferable that the second factor be measured as reliably as possible, with accuracy being of lesser importance. It was for this reason that we indexed Atot to three measures of protein concentration in the manuscript. In addition the reported mean of albumin concentrations in our article (15.5 ± 1.5 g/l) was well within the reference value for pigeons as published by Harr (6).

Dr. George raises the issue as to whether total solids is the correct term, referencing her article (3). The authors were aware of this paper but a brief review of the literature since 2001 using a PubMed search suggests that total solids remains widely used as a term, presumably because of its descriptive brevity. For instance, the term total solids was used in studies describing the serum biochemistry of calves (9), black stork nestlings (7), southern stingrays (1), and bonnet head sharks (5). The authors also agree with Dr. George that the term total protein determined by a total solids technique may be more appropriate. Interestingly, Dr. George used the term refractometer protein in an earlier publication (2). The authors consider Dr. George's suggestion that high plasma glucose concentrations may have caused the increased total solid reading on the refractometer. High plasma glucose concentrations were observed consistently in all birds in our study and this aspect needs additional studying.

Finally, we believe Ref. 12 was correctly cited to indicate comparative accuracy of refractometry in various species. Dr. George's 2001 paper examined the association between refractometer and biuret protein concentrations in peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial fluids from horses (n = 16), cattle (n = 5), dogs (n = 3), llamas (n = 2), and one cat (2).

FOOTNOTES


Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: H. Stämpfli, Ontario Veterinary College, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1 (e-mail: hstaempf{at}uoguelph.ca)

REFERENCES

  1. Cain DK, Harms CA, Segars A. Plasma biochemistry reference values of wild-caught southern stingrays (Dasyatis americana). J Zoo Wildl Med 35: 471–476, 2004.[Web of Science][Medline]
  2. George JW, O'Neill SL. Comparison of refractometer and biuret methods for total protein measurement in body cavity fluids. Vet Clin Pathol 30: 16–18, 2001.[Web of Science][Medline]
  3. George JW. The usefulness and limitations of hand-held refractometers in veterinary laboratory medicine: an historical and technical review. Vet Clin Pathol 30: 201–210, 2001.[Web of Science][Medline]
  4. George JW. Comments on "Experimental determination of net protein charge, [A]tot, and Ka of nonvolatile buffers in bird plasma." J Appl Physiol; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00108.2007.
  5. Harms C, Ross T, Segars A. Plasma biochemistry reference values of wild bonnethead sharks, Sphyrna tiburo. Vet Clin Pathol 31: 111–115, 2002.[Web of Science][Medline]
  6. Harr KE. Clinical chemistry of companion avian species: a review. Vet Clin Pathol 31: 140–151, 2002.[Web of Science][Medline]
  7. Lanzarot MP, Barahona MV, Andres MI, Fernandez-Garcia M, Rodriguez C. Hematologic, protein electrophoresis, biochemistry, and cholinesterase values of free-living black stork nestlings (Ciconia nigra). J Wildl Dis 41: 379–386, 2005.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  8. Rosenthal KL, Johnston MS, Shofer FS. Assessment of the reliability of plasma electrophoresis in birds. Am J Vet Res 66: 375–378, 2005.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
  9. Wallace MM, Jarvie BD, Perkins NR, Leslie KE. A comparison of serum harvesting methods and type of refractometer for determining total solids to estimate failure of passive transfer in calves. Can Vet J 47: 573–575, 2006.[Web of Science][Medline]

Henry Stämpfli1
Michael Taylor1
Carl McNicoll1
Ady Y. Gancz1
Peter D. Constable2
1Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and 2Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana





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