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J Appl Physiol 99: 1992-1997, 2005. First published July 14, 2005; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00185.2005
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INNOVATIVE METHODOLOGY

Long-range diffusion of hyperpolarized 3He in explanted normal and emphysematous human lungs via magnetization tagging

Jason C. Woods,1,2 Dmitriy A. Yablonskiy,1,2 Cliff K. Choong,3 Kimiaki Chino,3 John A. Pierce,4 James C. Hogg,5 John Bentley,5 Joel D. Cooper,3 Mark S. Conradi,1,2 and Peter T. Macklem6

Departments of 1Physics, 2Radiology, and 4Internal Medicine, and 3Jacqueline Maritz Lung Center, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri; 5iCAPTURE Center, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia; and 6Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

Submitted 15 February 2005 ; accepted in final form 11 July 2005

Long-range diffusivity of hyperpolarized 3He gas was measured from the decay rate of sinusoidally modulated longitudinal nuclear magnetization in three normal donor and nine severely emphysematous explanted human lungs. This (long-range) diffusivity, which we call Dsec, is measured over seconds and centimeters and is ~10 times smaller in healthy lungs (0.022 cm2/s) than the more traditionally measured Dmsec, which is measured over milliseconds and submillimeters. The increased restriction of Dsec reflects the complex, tortuous paths required to navigate long distances through the maze of branching peripheral airways. In emphysematous lungs, Dsec is substantially increased, with some regions showing nearly the unrestricted value of the self-diffusion coefficient (0.88 cm2/s for dilute 3He in air, a 40-fold increase). This suggests the presence of large collateral pathways opened by alveolar destruction that bypass the airways proper. This destruction was confirmed by comparison with histology in seven lungs and by removal of trapped gas via holes in the pleural surface in five lungs.

emphysema; diffusivity; airways; transplant surgery; alveolar destruction


Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: J. C. Woods, Dept. of Physics, Box 1105, Washington Univ., One Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO 63130-4899 (e-mail: woods{at}wuphys.wustl.edu)




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