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Effects of dietary phytoestrogens on cardiac remodeling secondary to chronic volume overload in female rats

Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama

Submitted 11 October 2004 ; accepted in final form 8 June 2005

Previously, we demonstrated that intact female rats fed a standard rodent diet containing soybean products exhibit essentially no adverse left ventricular (LV) remodeling in response to aortocaval fistula-induced chronic volume overload. We hypothesized that phytoestrogenic compounds in the diet contributed to the female cardioprotection. To test this hypothesis, four groups of female rats were studied: sham-operated (Sham) and fistula (Fist) rats fed a diet with [P(+)] or without [P(–)] phytoestrogens. Eight weeks postfistula, systolic and diastolic cardiac function was assessed by using a blood-perfused, isolated heart preparation. High-phytoestrogen diet had no effect on body, heart, and lung weights, or cardiac function in Sham rats. Fistula groups developed LV hypertrophy, which was not reduced by dietary phytoestrogens [1,184 ± 229 mg Fist-P(–) and 1,079 ± 199 mg Fist-P(+) vs. 620 ± 47 mg for combined Sham groups, P < 0.05]. Unstressed LV volume increased in Fist-P(–) rats (428 ± 16 vs. 300 ± 14 µl Sham, P < 0.0001), but it was not different from Sham for Fist-P(+) animals (286 ± 17 µl). Fist-P(–) rats developed increased ventricular compliance (5.3 ± 0.8 vs. 2.3 ± 0.3 µl/mmHg Sham, P < 0.01), whereas Fist-P(+) rats had no change in compliance (2.8 ± 0.4 µl/mmHg). Intrinsic ventricular contractility was maintained in the Fist-P(+) rats, but it was reduced (P < 0.001) in the Fist-P(–) rats [systolic pressure-volume slope: 1.04 ± 0.03, 0.60 ± 0.06, and 0.99 ± 0.08 mmHg/µl, for Fist-P(+), Fist-P(–), and Sham, respectively]. These data indicate that dietary phytoestrogens contribute significantly to female cardioprotection against volume overload-induced adverse ventricular remodeling and that studies evaluating gender differences in cardiovascular remodeling must consider the influence of dietary phytoestrogens.

ventricular function; heart failure; hypertrophy; gender; isoflavones; dilatation

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