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J Appl Physiol 99: 1138-1148, 2005. First published April 14, 2005; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00668.2004
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Computational simulation of human upper airway collapse using a pressure-/state-dependent model of genioglossal muscle contraction under laminar flow conditions

Yaqi Huang, Atul Malhotra, and David P. White

Department of Medicine, Division of Sleep Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts

Submitted 28 June 2004 ; accepted in final form 12 April 2005

A three-element, pressure- and state (sleep and wake) -dependent contraction model of the genioglossal muscle was developed based on the microstructure of skeletal muscle and the cross-bridge theory. This model establishes a direct connection between the contractile forces generated in muscle fibers and the measured electromyogram signals during various upper airway conditions. This effectively avoids the difficulty of determining muscle shortening velocity during complex pharyngeal conditions when modeling the muscle's contractile behaviors. The activation of the genioglossal muscle under different conditions was then simulated. A sensitivity analysis was performed to determine the effects of varying each modeled parameter on the muscle's contractile behaviors. This muscle contraction model was then incorporated into our anatomically correct, two-dimensional computational model of the pharyngeal airway to perform a finite-element analysis of air flow, tissue deformation, and airway collapse. The model-predicted muscle deformations are consistent with previous observations regarding upper airway behavior in normal subjects.

genioglossus; muscle activity; finite element; pharyngeal airway; collapsibility


Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: Y. Huang, Sleep Disorders Program @ BI, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St., Boston, MA 02115 (e-mail: yhuang{at}rics.bwh.harvard.edu)




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