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INVITED REVIEW

HIGHLIGHTED TOPICS
Role of Exercise in Reducing the Risk of Diabetes and Obesity

Fat as an endocrine organ: influence of exercise

¹Human Performance Laboratory and Department of Exercise and Sport Science, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina; and ²Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana

The prevalence of diabetes and obesity continues to increase. It is therefore important to identify the pathophysiology underlying these disorders. An inability of insulin to stimulate glucose uptake, i.e., insulin resistance, appears to be a common link between diabetes and obesity. The identification of various adipocyte-secreted cytokines (adipocytokines) that influence satiety, energy balance, and insulin sensitivity provide a novel target for the treatment of these disorders. Adipocytokines are differentially expressed with obesity and diabetes, making them a strong candidate for linking insulin resistance to these pathological conditions. This review explores the role of adipocytokines in insulin action and examines the effect of exercise training on adipocytokine content.

adipocytokines; insulin sensitivity; metabolism

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