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Changes to respiratory mechanisms during speech as a result of different cues to increase loudness

Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana

Submitted 4 November 2004 ; accepted in final form 8 February 2005

The purpose of the present study was to determine whether different cues to increase loudness in speech result in different internal targets (or goals) for respiratory movement and whether the neural control of the respiratory system is sensitive to changes in the speaker's internal loudness target. This study examined respiratory mechanisms during speech in 30 young adults at comfortable level and increased loudness levels. Increased loudness was elicited using three methods: asking subjects to target a specific sound pressure level, asking subjects to speak twice as loud as comfortable, and asking subjects to speak in noise. All three loud conditions resulted in similar increases in sound pressure level . However, the respiratory mechanisms used to support the increase in loudness differed significantly depending on how the louder speech was elicited. When asked to target at a particular sound pressure level, subjects used a mechanism of increasing the lung volume at which speech was initiated to take advantage of higher recoil pressures. When asked to speak twice as loud as comfortable, subjects increased expiratory muscle tension, for the most part, to increase the pressure for speech. However, in the most natural of the elicitation methods, speaking in noise, the subjects used a combined respiratory approach, using both increased recoil pressures and increased expiratory muscle tension. In noise, an additional target, possibly improving intelligibility of speech, was reflected in the slowing of speech rate and in larger volume excursions even though the speakers were producing the same number of syllables.

speaking in noise; respiratory kinematics; motor planning in speech

This article has been cited by other articles:

				J. E. Huber and J. Spruill III Age-Related Changes to Speech Breathing With Increased Vocal Loudness J Speech Lang Hear Res, June 1, 2008; 51(3): 651 - 668. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. E. Huber Effect of Cues to Increase Sound Pressure Level on Respiratory Kinematic Patterns During Connected Speech J Speech Lang Hear Res, June 1, 2007; 50(3): 621 - 634. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. E. Huber and B. Chandrasekaran Effects of Increasing Sound Pressure Level on Lip and Jaw Movement Parameters and Consistency in Young Adults J Speech Lang Hear Res, December 1, 2006; 49(6): 1368 - 1379. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]