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Comparison of cardiovascular responses between lower body negative pressure and head-up tilt

¹Institute of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, Japan; and ²Neurovascular Research Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada

Submitted 1 June 2004 ; accepted in final form 7 February 2005

To investigate local blood-flow regulation during orthostatic maneuvers, 10 healthy subjects were exposed to –20 and –40 mmHg lower body negative pressure (LBNP; each for 3 min) and to 60° head-up tilt (HUT; for 5 min). Measurements were made of blood flow in the brachial (BF_brachial) and femoral arteries (BF_femoral) (both by the ultrasound Doppler method), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac stroke volume (SV; by echocardiography), and left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV; by echocardiography). Comparable central cardiovascular responses (changes in LVEDV, SV, and MAP) were seen during LBNP and HUT. During –20 mmHg LBNP, –40 mmHg LBNP, and HUT, the following results were observed: 1) BF_brachial decreased by 51, 57, and 41%, and BF_femoral decreased by 40, 53, and 62%, respectively, 2) vascular resistance increased in the upper limb by 110, 147, and 85%, and in the lower limb by 76, 153, and 250%, respectively. The increases in vascular resistance were not different between the upper and lower limbs during LBNP. However, during HUT, the increase in the lower limb was much greater than that in the upper limb. These results suggest that, during orthostatic stimulation, the vascular responses in the limbs due to the cardiopulmonary and arterial baroreflexes can be strongly modulated by local mechanisms (presumably induced by gravitational effects).

blood flow; orthostatic stress; baroreflex

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