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Cerebral white matter blood flow is constant during human non-rapid eye movement sleep: a positron emission tomographic study

¹Human Brain Research Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto; ²Department of Psychiatry, Osaka Prefectural General Hospital, Osaka; Departments of ³Psychiatry, ⁴Anesthesiology, and ⁵Radiology, National Center Hospital for Mental, Nervous, and Muscular Disorders, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Tokyo; ⁶Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa; ⁷Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, NCNP, Ichikawa, Chiba; and ⁸Department of Psychiatry, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan

Submitted 24 June 2004 ; accepted in final form 17 December 2004

This study aimed to identify brain regions with the least decreased cerebral blood flow (CBF) and their relationship to physiological parameters during human non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Using [¹⁵O]H₂O positron emission tomography, CBF was measured for nine normal young adults during nighttime. As NREM sleep progressed, mean arterial blood pressure and whole brain mean CBF decreased significantly; arterial partial pressure of CO₂ and, selectively, relative CBF of the cerebral white matter increased significantly. Absolute CBF remained constant in the cerebral white matter, registering 25.9 ± 3.8 during wakefulness, 25.8 ± 3.3 during light NREM sleep, and 26.9 ± 3.0 (ml·100 g^–1·min^–1) during deep NREM sleep (P = 0.592), and in the occipital cortex (P = 0.611). The regression slope of the absolute CBF significantly differed with respect to arterial partial pressure of CO₂ between the cerebral white matter (slope 0.054, R = – 0.04) and frontoparietal association cortex (slope – 0.776, R = – 0.31) (P = 0.005) or thalamus (slope – 1.933, R = – 0.47) (P = 0.004) and between the occipital cortex (slope 0.084, R = 0.06) and frontoparietal association cortex (P = 0.021) or thalamus (P < 0.001), and, with respect to mean arterial blood pressure, between the cerebral white matter (slope – 0.067, R = – 0.10) and thalamus (slope 0.637, R = 0.31) (P = 0.044). The cerebral white matter CBF keeps constant during NREM sleep as well as the occipital cortical CBF, and may be specifically regulated by both CO₂ vasoreactivity and pressure autoregulation.

cerebral white matter; carbon dioxide; non-rapid eye movement sleep; cerebral blood flow; PET

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				M. Hiroki, N. Kajimura, T. Uema, K. Ogawa, M. Nishikawa, M. Kato, T. Watanabe, T. Nakajima, H. Takano, E. Imabayashi, et al. Effect of Benzodiazepine Hypnotic Triazolam on Relationship of Blood Pressure and PaCO2 to Cerebral Blood Flow During Human Non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep J Neurophysiol, April 1, 2006; 95(4): 2293 - 2303. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]