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Vascular smooth muscle cell glycocalyx influences shear stress-mediated contractile response

Biomolecular Transport Dynamics Laboratory, Departments of ¹Chemical Engineering and ²Bioengineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania; ³Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; and ⁴Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, New York

Submitted 15 September 2003 ; accepted in final form 2 August 2004

This study addressed the influence of the rate of shear stress application on aortic smooth muscle cell (SMC) contraction and the role of specific glycosaminoglycans in this mechanotransduction. Rat aortic SMCs were exposed to either a step increase in shear stress (0 to 25 dyn/cm²) or a ramp increase in shear stress (0 to 25 dyn/cm² over 5 min) in a parallel plate flow chamber, and cell contraction was characterized by cell area reduction. SMCs contracted at levels similar to those reported previously and equally in response to both a step and ramp increase in shear stress. When the cells were pretreated with heparinase III or chondroitinase ABC to remove the glycosaminoglycans heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate, respectively, from the glycocalyx, the contraction response to increases in shear stress was significantly inhibited. These studies indicate that specific components of the SMC glycocalyx play an important role in the mechanotransduction of shear stress into a contractile response and that the rate of application of shear stress does not affect the SMC contraction.

glycosaminoglycans; myogenic response

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