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J Appl Physiol 97: 2355-2363, 2004. First published August 6, 2004; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00470.2004
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HIGHLIGHTED TOPICS
Lung Growth and Repair

Epithelial cell distribution and abundance in rhesus monkey airways during postnatal lung growth and development

Laura S. Van Winkle,1 Michelle V. Fanucchi,1 Lisa A. Miller,1 Gregory L. Baker,1 Laurel J. Gershwin,2,3 Edward S. Schelegle,1,3 Dallas M. Hyde,1,3 Michael J. Evans,1 and Charles G. Plopper1,3

1Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology; 2Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine and the 3California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616

Submitted 4 May 2004 ; accepted in final form 4 August 2004

Lung development is both a pre- and postnatal process. Although many lung diseases have their origins in early childhood, few quantitative data are available on the normal growth and differentiation of both the conducting airways and the airway epithelium during the postnatal period. We examined rhesus monkey lungs from five postnatal ages: 4–6 days and 1, 2, 3, and 6 mo. Airways increase significantly in both length and circumference as monkeys increase significantly in body weight from 5 days to 6 mo. In this study we asked: as basement membrane surface area increases, does the epithelial cell organization change? To answer this question, we quantified total epithelial cell mass using high-resolution light micrographs and morphometric techniques on sections from defined airway regions: trachea, proximal intrapulmonary bronchus (generations 1 or 2), and distal intrapulmonary bronchus (generations 6–8). Epithelial thickness decreased in the smaller, more distal, airways compared with trachea but did not change with age in the trachea and proximal bronchus. The volume fraction of all cell types measured did not change significantly. Ciliated cells in the distal bronchus and goblet cells in the trachea both decreased in abundance with increasing age. Overall, the epithelial cell populations changed little in terms of mass or relative abundance to each other during this period of active postnatal lung growth. Regarding the proximal conducting airway epithelium, we conclude that 1) the steady-state abundance is tightly regulated to keep the proportion of cell types constant, and 2) establishment of these cell types occurs before 4–6 days postnatal age. We conclude that growth of the proximal airways occurs primarily in length and lags behind that of the lung parenchyma.

airway size; trachea; bronchi; epithelial cell mass; morphometry


Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: L. S. Van Winkle, Dept. of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Univ. of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616-8732 (E-mail: lsvanwinkle{at}ucdavis.edu)




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