Journal of Applied Physiology
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J Appl Physiol 97: 2214-2219, 2004; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00491.2004
8750-7587/04 $5.00
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Association of interleukin-15 protein and interleukin-15 receptor genetic variation with resistance exercise training responses

Steven E. Riechman,1 G. Balasekaran,1 Stephen M. Roth,2 and Robert E. Ferrell1

1Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; and 2Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742

Submitted 6 May 2004 ; accepted in final form 16 July 2004

Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is an anabolic cytokine that is produced in skeletal muscle and directly affects muscle anabolism in animal and in vitro models. The contribution of IL-15 variability in muscle responses to 10 wk of resistance exercise training in young men and women was examined by measuring acute and chronic changes in IL-15 protein in plasma and characterizing genetic variation in the IL-15 receptor-{alpha} gene (IL15RA). Participants trained 3 days a week at 75% of one repetition maximum, performing three sets (6–10 repetitions) of 13 resistance exercises. Plasma IL-15 protein was significantly increased (P < 0.05) immediately after acute resistance exercise but did not change with training and was not associated with variability in muscle responses with training. A single nucleotide polymorphism in exon 7 of IL15RA was strongly associated with muscle hypertrophy and accounted for 7.1% of the variation in regression modeling. A polymorphism in exon 4 was also independently associated with muscle hypertrophy and accounted for an additional 3.5% of the variation in hypertrophy. These results suggest that IL-15 is an important mediator of muscle mass response to resistance exercise training in humans and that genetic variation in IL15RA accounts for a significant proportion of the variability in this response.

IL-15; strength; skeletal muscle; muscle quality


Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: S. E. Riechman, A300 Crabtree Hall, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 (E-mail: riechman{at}helix.hgen.pitt.edu)




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