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J Appl Physiol 97: 2020-2025, 2004. First published July 16, 2004; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00876.2003
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HIGHLIGHTED TOPICS
Oxygen Sensing in Health and Disease

Intermittent hypoxia augments carotid body and ventilatory response to hypoxia in neonatal rat pups

Ying-Jie Peng, Julie Rennison, and Nanduri R. Prabhakar

Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106

Submitted 18 August 2003 ; accepted in final form 12 July 2004

Carotid bodies are functionally immature at birth and exhibit poor sensitivity to hypoxia. Previous studies have shown that continuous hypoxia at birth impairs hypoxic sensing at the carotid body. Intermittent hypoxia (IH) is more frequently experienced in neonatal life. Previous studies on adult animals have shown that IH facilitates hypoxic sensing at the carotid bodies. On the basis of these studies, in the present study we tested the hypothesis that neonatal IH facilitates hypoxic sensing of the carotid body and augments ventilatory response to hypoxia. Experiments were performed on 2-day-old rat pups that were exposed to 16 h of IH soon after the birth. The IH paradigm consisted of 15 s of 5% O2 (nadir) followed by 5 min of 21% O2 (9 episodes/h). In one group of experiments (IH and control, n = 6 pups each), sensory activity was recorded from ex vivo carotid bodies, and in the other (IH and control, n = 7 pups each) ventilation was monitored in unanesthetized pups by plethysmography. In control pups, sensory response of the carotid body was weak and was slow in onset (~100 s). In contrast, carotid body sensory response to hypoxia was greater and the time course of the response was faster (~30 s) in IH compared with control pups. The magnitude of the hypoxic ventilatory response was greater in IH compared with control pups, whereas changes in O2 consumption and CO2 production during hypoxia were comparable between both groups. The magnitude of ventilatory stimulation by hyperoxic hypercapnia (7% CO2-balance O2), however, was the same between both groups of pups. These results demonstrate that neonatal IH facilitates carotid body sensory response to hypoxia and augments hypoxic ventilatory chemoreflex.

neonates; apneas; hypoxic ventilatory response


Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: N. R. Prabhakar, Dept. of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106 (E-mail: nrp{at}cwru.edu).




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