HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text Free Full Text (PDF) Free Submit a response Alert me when this article is cited Alert me when eLetters are posted Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in ISI Web of Science Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via ISI Web of Science (14) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Hsia, C. C. W. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Hsia, C. C. W.

INVITED REVIEW

HIGHLIGHTED TOPICS
Lung Growth and Repair

Signals and mechanisms of compensatory lung growth

Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9034

Growth of the lung involves unique structure-function interactions not seen in solid organs. Mechanical feedback between the lung and thorax constitutes a major signal that sustains developmental as well as compensatory lung growth. After the loss of lung units as by pneumonectomy (PNX), increased mechanical stress and strain on the remaining units induce adaptive responses to augment oxygen transport, including 1) recruitment of alveolar-capillary reserves, 2) remodeling of existing tissue, and 3) regenerative growth of acinar tissue when strain exceeds a critical threshold. Alveolar hypoxia, hormones, and growth factors may feed into the mechanical feedback system to modify an existing growth response but are unlikely to initiate compensatory growth in the absence of sufficient mechanical signals. Whereas endogenous post-PNX alveolar growth preserves normal structure-function relationships, experimental manipulation of selected metabolic pathways can distort these relationships. Finally, PNX widens the disparity between the rapidly adapting acini and slowly adapting conducting airways and blood vessels, leading to disproportionate airflow and hemodynamic dysfunction and secondary hypertrophy of the right ventricle and respiratory muscles that limits overall organ function despite regeneration of gas exchange tissue. These are key concepts to consider when formulating approaches to stimulate or augment compensatory growth in chronic lung disease.

pneumonectomy; alveolar regeneration; recruitment; remodeling; alveolar hypoxia; dysanaptic lung growth

This article has been cited by other articles:

				R. D. Nolen-Walston, C. F. Kim, M. R. Mazan, E. P. Ingenito, A. M. Gruntman, L. Tsai, R. Boston, A. E. Woolfenden, T. Jacks, and A. M. Hoffman Cellular kinetics and modeling of bronchioalveolar stem cell response during lung regeneration Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, June 1, 2008; 294(6): L1158 - L1165. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. R. Weibel How to make an alveolus Eur. Respir. J., March 1, 2008; 31(3): 483 - 485. [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Fehrenbach, R. Voswinckel, V. Michl, T. Mehling, A. Fehrenbach, W. Seeger, and J. R. Nyengaard Neoalveolarisation contributes to compensatory lung growth following pneumonectomy in mice Eur. Respir. J., March 1, 2008; 31(3): 515 - 522. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Z. Xue, L. Zhang, Y. Liu, S. J. Gunst, and R. S. Tepper Chronic inflation of ferret lungs with CPAP reduces airway smooth muscle contractility in vivo and in vitro J Appl Physiol, March 1, 2008; 104(3): 610 - 615. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Bhattacharya Lung neovascularization: a tale of two circulations Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, March 1, 2008; 294(3): L417 - L418. [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. S. Torday, V. K. Rehan, J. W. Hicks, T. Wang, J. Maina, E. R. Weibel, C. C.W. Hsia, R. J. Sommer, and S. F. Perry Deconvoluting lung evolution: from phenotypes to gene regulatory networks Integr. Comp. Biol., October 1, 2007; 47(4): 601 - 609. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Q. Zhang, D. J. Bellotto, P. Ravikumar, O. W. Moe, R. T. Hogg, D. C. Hogg, A. S. Estrera, R. L. Johnson Jr., and C. C. W. Hsia Postpneumonectomy lung expansion elicits hypoxia-inducible factor-1{alpha} signaling Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, August 1, 2007; 293(2): L497 - L504. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Ravikumar, C. Yilmaz, D. M. Dane, R. L. Johnson Jr., A. S. Estrera, C. C. W. Hsia, and (With the Technical Assistance of Richard T. Hogg Developmental signals do not further accentuate nonuniform postpneumonectomy compensatory lung growth J Appl Physiol, March 1, 2007; 102(3): 1170 - 1177. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Mae, T. P. O'Connor, and R. G. Crystal Gene Transfer of the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor flt-1 Suppresses Pulmonary Metastasis Associated with Lung Growth Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., December 1, 2005; 33(6): 629 - 635. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Z. Xue, L. Zhang, R. Ramchandani, Y. Liu, V. B. Antony, S. J. Gunst, and R. S. Tepper Respiratory system responsiveness in rabbits in vivo is reduced by prolonged continuous positive airway pressure J Appl Physiol, August 1, 2005; 99(2): 677 - 682. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Li, L. G. Fernandez, J. Dodd-o, J. Langer, D. Wang, and V. E. Laubach Upregulation of Hypoxia-Induced Mitogenic Factor in Compensatory Lung Growth after Pneumonectomy Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., March 1, 2005; 32(3): 185 - 191. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]