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INVITED REVIEW

Vascular endothelial growth factor and related molecules in acute lung injury

¹Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto M5G 2C4; Departments of ²Critical Care Medicine and ³Cardiology and Division of Molecular and Cell Biology Research, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto M5B 1W8; and ⁴Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8

VEGFs and their receptors have been implicated in the regulation of vascular permeability in many organ systems, including the lung. Increased permeability and interstitial and pulmonary edema are prominent features of acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Extrapolating data from other organ systems and animal experiments have suggested that overexpression of VEGF functions primarily as proinjurious molecules in the lung. Recent data, from animal models as well as from patients with ARDS, have shown decreased levels of VEGF in the lung. The role of VEGF and related molecules in ALI/ARDS is, therefore, controversial: what has become clear is that there are many unique features in the regulation of pulmonary vascular permeability and in VEGF expression in the lung. In this review, we explore a growing body of literature looking at the expression and function of VEGF and related molecules in different models of ALI and in patients with ALI/ARDS. Novel evidence points to a potential role of VEGF in promoting repair of the alveolar-capillary membrane during recovery from ALI/ARDS. Understanding the role of VEGF in this disease process is crucial for developing new therapeutic strategies for ALI/ARDS.

acute respiratory distress syndrome; pulmonary edema; angiopoietins; hypoxia; hyperoxia

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