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This Article Full Text Free Full Text (PDF) Free All Versions of this Article: 97/3/941    most recent 00256.2004v1 Submit a response Alert me when this article is cited Alert me when eLetters are posted Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in Web of Science Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Web of Science (6) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Masi, C. M. Articles by Cacioppo, J. T. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Masi, C. M. Articles by Cacioppo, J. T.

Gender and ethnic differences in urinary stress hormones: the population-based Chicago Health, Aging, and Social Relations Study

¹Institute for Mind and Biology, ²Department of Medicine, and ³Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637

Submitted 9 March 2004 ; accepted in final form 10 May 2004

Gender and ethnic disparities in cardiovascular disease and mortality have spurred interest in the epidemiology of stress hormone production. Greater disease burden among men and blacks raises the possibility of gender and ethnic differences in stress hormone production. The purpose of this study was to determine whether urinary stress hormones were higher among men and blacks in a population-based sample. Urinary hormone analysis permits a time-integrated assessment of the stress response system. However, differences in collection and standardization strategies have led to inconsistent findings. Subjects were an ethnically diverse population-based sample of 229 men and women aged 50–67 yr who provided an overnight urine specimen. Urine concentration was standardized using a traditional creatinine-based approach as well as a new method that accounts for muscle mass. With the use of creatinine standardization, no gender or ethnic differences were noted in epinephrine or cortisol production. Norepinephrine levels were higher among women compared with men (P = 0.001), however. After accounting for muscle mass, we found that both epinephrine (P = 0.018) and norepinephrine (P = 0.033) levels were higher among men compared with women. No significant differences in cortisol production were found by gender or ethnicity. The consistency of these results with previous studies of 24-h urine samples suggests muscle mass should be accounted for when comparing overnight urinary hormone values across gender and ethnicity.

African American; blacks; male; norepinephrine; epinephrine; cortisol; creatinine

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