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J Appl Physiol 96: 1292-1298, 2004. First published December 12, 2003; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01064.2003
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Influence of carbohydrate ingestion on immune changes after 2 h of intensive resistance training

D. C. Nieman,1 J. M. Davis,2 V. A. Brown,1 D. A. Henson,1 C. L. Dumke,1 A. C. Utter,1 D. M. Vinci,1 M. F. Downs,1 J. C. Smith,1 J. Carson,2 A. Brown,2 S. R. McAnulty,1 and L. S. McAnulty1

1Departments of Health, Leisure, and Exercise Science, Biology, Family and Consumer Sciences, Fischer Hamilton/Nycom Biochemistry Laboratory, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina 28608; and 2Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208

Submitted 1 October 2003 ; accepted in final form 2 December 2003

Thirty strength-trained subjects were randomized to carbohydrate (CHO) or placebo (Pla) groups and lifted weights for 2 h (10 exercises, 4 sets each, 10 repetitions, with 2- to 3-min rest intervals). Subjects received 10 ml·kg-1·h-1 CHO (6%) or Pla beverages during the weight training bout. Blood, saliva, and vastus lateralis muscle biopsy samples were collected before and after exercise. Blood cell counts were determined, and plasma was analyzed for IL-6, IL-10, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), IL-8, and cortisol. Muscle was analyzed for glycogen content and relative gene expression of 13 cytokines (IL-1{alpha}, IL-1{beta}, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p35, IL-12p40, IL-15, IFN-{gamma}, TNF-{alpha}) by use of real-time quantitative RT-PCR. Significant but modest increases were measured for plasma IL-6, IL-10, IL-1ra, and IL-8, but the pattern of increase did not differ between CHO and Pla groups. The rate of decrease in muscle glycogen content did not differ between CHO and Pla (P = 0.463). Muscle cytokine mRNA was detected preexercise for IL-1{beta}, IL-6, IL-15, IL-8, and TNF-{alpha}, and of these, IL-1{beta}, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-{alpha} were significantly increased after the 2-h weight training bout. The increase in mRNA (fold difference from preexercise) did not differ between CHO and Pla groups. In summary, CHO vs. Pla ingestion did not alter modest increases measured for plasma IL-6, IL-10, IL-1ra, and IL-8, and muscle gene expression for IL-1{beta}, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-{alpha} in strength-trained subjects lifting weights intensively for 2 h.

cytokines; gene expression; muscle glycogen; real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction


Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: D. C. Nieman, Dept. of Health & Exercise Science, PO Box 32071 Appalachian State Univ., Boone, NC 28608 (E-mail: niemandc{at}appstate.edu).




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