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Mediastinal and chest wall limitations to asymmetry of lung inflation

¹Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, and ²Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215

Submitted 31 July 2003 ; accepted in final form 22 November 2003

The extent to which inflation of one lung increases pleural pressure around the contralateral lung could affect ventilatory function, e.g., after pneumonectomy or lung transplantation. The rise in contralateral pleural pressure is limited by mediastinal stiffness and other chest wall properties. To estimate these properties, we determined an elastance of asymmetric expansion (E_Asym) in 20 supine adults undergoing thoracic surgery requiring endobronchial intubation. Esophageal pressure, measured with a balloon catheter, was used as an estimate of pleural pressure for determining chest wall elastance during symmetric inflation. Pressures measured in the left and right lung airways during sequential asymmetric inflations with known volumes were used to calculate E_Asym and elastances of left and right lungs by using a four-element mathematical model. Elastances (means ± SD) were 13.0 ± 8.7 (E_Asym), 14.0 ± 7.0 (left lung), 12.2 ± 6.1 (right lung), and 6.7 ± 2.1 cmH₂O/l (chest wall). E_Asym was high in three patients with prior cardiac surgery or mediastinal radiation therapy, suggesting that mediastinal stiffening due to scarring and fibrosis reduced pressure transmission between hemithoraxes. Simulations with a previously published model showed that changes in E_Asym in the range of values observed could substantially affect lung ventilation after single-lung transplantation for emphysema.

respiratory mechanics; esophageal pressure; thoracic surgery; model

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