Journal of Applied Physiology
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J Appl Physiol 96: 974-980, 2004. First published November 21, 2003; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01003.2003
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Greater effect of diet than exercise training on the fatty acid profile of rat skeletal muscle

Nigel Turner,1,2 Jong Sam Lee,3 Clinton R. Bruce,3 Todd W. Mitchell,1,2 Paul L. Else,1,2 A. J. Hulbert,1,4 and John A. Hawley3

1Metabolic Research Centre and Departments of 2Biomedical and 4Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522; and 3Exercise Metabolism Group, School of Medical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia

Submitted 15 September 2003 ; accepted in final form 17 November 2003

We determined the interaction of diet and exercise-training intensity on membrane phospholipid fatty acid (FA) composition in skeletal muscle from 36 female Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals were randomly divided into one of two dietary conditions: high-carbohydrate (64.0% carbohydrate by energy, n = 18) or high fat (78.1% fat by energy, n = 18). Rats in each diet condition were then allocated to one of three subgroups: control, which performed no exercise training; low-intensity (8 m/min) treadmill run training; or high-intensity (28 m/min) run training. All exercise-trained rats ran 1,000 m/session, 4 days/wk for 8 wk and were killed 48 h after the last training bout. Membrane phospholipids were extracted, and FA composition was determined in the red and white vastus lateralis muscles. Diet exerted a major influence on phospholipid FA composition, with the high-fat diet being associated with a significantly (P < 0.01) elevated ratio of n-6/n-3 FA for both red (2.7–3.2 vs. 1.0–1.1) and white vastus lateralis muscle (2.5–2.9 vs. 1.2). In contrast, alterations in FA composition as a result of either exercise-training protocol were only minor in comparison. We conclude that, under the present experimental conditions, a change in the macronutrient content of the diet was a more potent modulator of skeletal muscle membrane phospholipid FA composition compared with either low- or high-intensity treadmill exercise training.

phospholipids; training; dietary fat; insulin sensitivity


Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: J. A. Hawley, Exercise Metabolism Group, School of Medical Sciences, RMIT Univ., PO Box 71, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia (E-mail: john.hawley{at}rmit.edu.au).




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