HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text Free Full Text (PDF) Free Submit a response Alert me when this article is cited Alert me when eLetters are posted Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via ISI Web of Science (24) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Prabhakar, N. R. Articles by Peng, Y.-J. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Prabhakar, N. R. Articles by Peng, Y.-J.

INVITED REVIEW

HIGHLIGHTED TOPICS
Oxygen Sensing in Health and Disease

Peripheral chemoreceptors in health and disease

Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106

Peripheral chemoreceptors (carotid and aortic bodies) detect changes in arterial blood oxygen and initiate reflexes that are important for maintaining homeostasis during hypoxemia. This mini-review summarizes the importance of peripheral chemoreceptor reflexes in various physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Carotid bodies are important for eliciting hypoxic ventilatory stimulation in humans and in experimental animals. In the absence of carotid bodies, compensatory upregulation of aortic bodies as well as other chemoreceptors contributes to the hypoxic ventilatory response. Peripheral chemoreceptors are critical for ventilatory acclimatization at high altitude. They also contribute in part to the exercise-induced hyperventilation, especially with submaximal and heavy exercise. During pregnancy, hypoxic ventilatory sensitivity increases, perhaps due to the actions of estrogen and progesterone on chemoreceptors. Augmented peripheral chemoreceptors have been implicated in early stages of recurrent apneas, congestive heart failure, and certain forms of hypertension. It is likely that chemoreceptors tend to maintain oxygen homeostasis and act as a defense mechanism to prevent the progression of the morbidity associated with these diseases. Experimental models of recurrent apneas, congestive heart failure, and hypertension offer excellent opportunities to unravel the cellular mechanisms associated with altered chemoreceptor function.

carotid bodies; aortic bodies; exercise; high altitude; apneas; hypertension; congestive heart failure; sympathetic nerve activity; ventilation

This article has been cited by other articles:

				Z.-Y. Tan, Y. Lu, C. A. Whiteis, C. J. Benson, M. W. Chapleau, and F. M. Abboud Acid-Sensing Ion Channels Contribute to Transduction of Extracellular Acidosis in Rat Carotid Body Glomus Cells Circ. Res., November 9, 2007; 101(10): 1009 - 1019. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				U. A. Leuenberger, C. S. Hogeman, S. Quraishi, L. Linton-Frazier, and K. S. Gray Short-term intermittent hypoxia enhances sympathetic responses to continuous hypoxia in humans J Appl Physiol, September 1, 2007; 103(3): 835 - 842. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. C. T. Takakura, T. S. Moreira, E. Colombari, G. H. West, R. L. Stornetta, and P. G. Guyenet Peripheral chemoreceptor inputs to retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) CO2-sensitive neurons in rats J. Physiol., April 15, 2006; 572(2): 503 - 523. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Ciarka, N. Cuylits, J.-L. Vachiery, M. Lamotte, J.-P. Degaute, R. Naeije, and P. van de Borne Increased Peripheral Chemoreceptors Sensitivity and Exercise Ventilation in Heart Transplant Recipients Circulation, January 17, 2006; 113(2): 252 - 257. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. R Prabhakar O2 sensing at the mammalian carotid body: why multiple O2 sensors and multiple transmitters? Exp Physiol, January 1, 2006; 91(1): 17 - 23. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Rey, R. Del Rio, J. Alcayaga, and R. Iturriaga Chronic intermittent hypoxia enhances cat chemosensory and ventilatory responses to hypoxia J. Physiol., October 15, 2004; 560(2): 577 - 586. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]