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Distribution and reproducibility of spirometric response to ozone by gender and age

Milan J. Hazucha, Lawrence J. Folinsbee, and Philip A. Bromberg

Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, and the Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7310

Submitted 9 May 2003 ; accepted in final form 15 July 2003

Subjects were healthy nonsmoking men (n = 146) and women (n = 94) 18-60 yr old. Initially, each subject was exposed for 1.5 h to 0.42 ppm O₃. Forty-seven individuals were later reexposed twice, 1 wk to several months apart, to 0.4 ppm O₃. Intermittent exercise utilized in all exposures was adjusted to produce an O₃ dose of 560 ppm x l/m² body surface area. The post-O₃ percent change in forced-expiratory volume in 1 s (%FEV₁) decrements of young (18-35 yr) and middle-aged (36-60 yr) men and women differed significantly (P < 0.05) from normal distribution with values skewed toward larger decrements in younger subjects. The mean %FEV₁ rates were -16.3%, -16.6%, -11.6%, and -6.4%, respectively. The rate of decline with age was 2.5 times higher in young women compared with young men (P < 0.05). This pattern was reversed in the middle-age cohort. Our data support earlier reports of no significant difference in spirometric response to O₃ between young men and women. The data also confirm that large FEV₁ decrements after O₃ exposure are mostly confined to younger individuals that also show much greater variance in response to repeated exposures than the middle-aged subjects. The majority of subjects remained in their initial category of O₃ sensitivity on retesting after various time lapses. The r value (Spearman) between the first and second and first and third exposure response ranged from 0.544 to 850, depending on classification. However, the mean %FEV₁ differed by as much as six percentage points between exposure days. The yearly loss of responsiveness (0.2% to 0.7%/year) with progressing age determined by cross-sectional analyses was substantially smaller.

responsiveness; multiple exposures; sensitivity; young; middle age

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