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J Appl Physiol 95: 960-968, 2003. First published May 30, 2003; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00349.2003
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Effects of chronic AICAR treatment on fiber composition, enzyme activity, UCP3, and PGC-1 in rat muscles

Masataka Suwa,1 Hiroshi Nakano,2 and Shuzo Kumagai1

1Institute of Health Science, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580; and 2Department of Human Development, Nakamura Gakuen University, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0198, Japan

Submitted 7 April 2003 ; accepted in final form 24 May 2003

This study was designed to determine the histological and metabolic effects of the administration of 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-{beta}-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) for 14 successive days. AICAR treatment caused a significant decrease in the percentage of type IIB fibers and the concomitant increase in the percentage of type IIX fibers in extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. The capillary density and the capillary-to-fiber ratio were not altered by AICAR. AICAR treatment increased the glycolytic and oxidative enzyme activities but not the antioxidant enzyme activities. The AICAR treatment increased the uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) level in EDL and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-{gamma} coactivator-1{alpha} protein level in the soleus and EDL muscles, whereas the myogenin level was not altered by AICAR. These results seem to imply that the chronic activation of AMPK alters such muscle histochemical and metabolic characteristics.

5'-AMP-activated protein kinase; antioxidant capacity; mitochondrial enzymes; muscle fiber type composition; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-{gamma} coactivator-1{alpha}; 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-{beta}-D-ribofuranoside; uncoupling protein 3


Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: S. Kumagai, Institute of Health Science, Kyushu Univ., Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan (E-mail: shuzo{at}ihs.kyushu-u.ac.jp).




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