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Effects of chronic heart failure on skeletal muscle capillary hemodynamics at rest and during contractions

¹Clarenburg Research Laboratory, Departments of Kinesiology, Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-5802; and ²Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0623

Submitted 25 March 2003 ; accepted in final form 6 May 2003

Chronic heart failure (CHF) reduces muscle blood flow at rest and during exercise and impairs muscle function. Using intravital microscopy techniques, we tested the hypothesis that the speed and amplitude of the capillary red blood cell (RBC) velocity (V_RBC) and flux (F_RBC) response to contractions would be reduced in CHF compared with control (C) spinotrapezius muscle. The proportion of capillaries supporting continuous RBC flow was less (P < 0.05) in CHF (0.66 ± 0.04) compared with C (0.84 ± 0.01) muscle at rest and was not significantly altered with contractions. At rest, V_RBC (C, 270 ± 62; CHF, 179 ± 14 µm/s) and F_RBC (C, 22.4 ± 5.5 vs. CHF, 15.2 ± 1.2 RBCs/s) were reduced (both P < 0.05) in CHF vs. C muscle. Contractions significantly (both P < 0.05) elevated V_RBC (C, 428 ± 47 vs. CHF, 222 ± 15 µm/s) and F_RBC (C, 44.3 ± 5.5 vs. CHF, 24.0 ± 1.2 RBCs/s) in C and CHF muscle; however, both remained significantly lower in CHF than C. The time to 50% of the final response was slowed (both P < 0.05) in CHF compared with C for both V_RBC (C, 8 ± 4; CHF, 56 ± 11 s) and F_RBC (C, 11 ± 3; CHF, 65 ± 11 s). Capillary hematocrit increased with contractions in C and CHF muscle but was not different (P > 0.05) between CHF and C. Thus CHF impairs diffusive and conductive O₂ delivery across the rest-to-contractions transition in rat skeletal muscle, which may help explain the slowed O₂ uptake on-kinetics manifested in CHF patients at exercise onset.

red blood cell velocity; red blood cell flux; capillary hematocrit; muscle oxygen diffusing capacity; oxygen delivery

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