HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text Free Full Text (PDF) Free All Versions of this Article: 95/2/460    most recent 01190.2002v1 Submit a response Alert me when this article is cited Alert me when eLetters are posted Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in ISI Web of Science Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via ISI Web of Science (10) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Alt, J. A. Articles by Krueger, J. M. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Alt, J. A. Articles by Krueger, J. M.

Alterations in EEG activity and sleep after influenza viral infection in GHRH receptor-deficient mice

¹Department of Veterinary and Comparative Anatomy, Pharmacology and Physiology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6520; and ²Department of Physiology and ³Endocrine Unit, University of Szeged, A. Szent-Györgyi Medical Center, 6720 Szeged, Hungary

Submitted 23 December 2002 ; accepted in final form 17 February 2003

Viral infections induce excess non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) in mice. Growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor (GHRH receptor) was previously identified as a candidate gene responsible for NREMS responses to influenza challenge in mice. The dwarf lit/lit mouse with a nonfunctional GHRH receptor was used to assess the role of the GHRH receptor in viral-induced NREMS. After influenza A virus infection the duration and intensity [electroencephalogram (EEG) delta power] of NREMS increased in heterozygous mice with the normal phenotype, whereas NREMS and EEG delta power decreased in homozygous lit/lit mice. Lit/lit mice developed a pathological state with EEG slow waves and enhanced muscle tone. Other influenza-induced responses (decreases in rapid eye movement sleep, changes in the EEG high-frequency bands during the various stages of vigilance, hypothermia, and decreased motor activity) did not differ between the heterozygous and lit/lit mice. GH replacement failed to normalize the NREMS responses in the lit/lit mice after influenza inoculation. Decreases in NREMS paralleled hypothermia in the lit/lit mice. Lung virus levels were similar in the two mouse strains. Lit/lit mice had a higher death rate after influenza challenge than the heterozygotes. In conclusion, GHRH signaling is involved in the NREMS response to influenza infection.

growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor; growth hormone; fever; non-rapid eye movement sleep; rapid eye movement sleep; lit/lit mice; electroencephalogram

This article has been cited by other articles:

				M. A. Carey, J. A. Bradbury, J. M. Seubert, R. Langenbach, D. C. Zeldin, and D. R. Germolec Contrasting Effects of Cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and COX-2 Deficiency on the Host Response to Influenza A Viral Infection J. Immunol., November 15, 2005; 175(10): 6878 - 6884. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. Chen, D. Duricka, S. Nelson, S. Mukherjee, S. G. Bohnet, P. Taishi, J. A. Majde, and J. M. Krueger Influenza virus-induced sleep responses in mice with targeted disruptions in neuronal or inducible nitric oxide synthases J Appl Physiol, July 1, 2004; 97(1): 17 - 28. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]