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1 Institute for Research in Extramural Medicine, Vrije University Medical Center, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands; 2 Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; 3 Sticht Center on Aging, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157; 4 Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee 38105; Departments of 5 Epidemiology and 6 Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; and 7 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California 94105
Changing
body composition has been suggested as a pathway to explain age-related
functional decline. No data are available on the expected changes in
body composition as measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)
in a population-based cohort of older persons. Body composition data at
baseline, 1-yr follow-up, and 2-yr follow-up was measured by DXA in
2,040 well-functioning black and white men and women aged 70-79
yr, participants of the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study.
After 2 yr, a small decline in total body mass was observed (men:
0.3%, women: 0.4%). Among men, fat-free mass and appendicular
lean soft tissue mass (ALST) decreased by 1.1 and 0.8%,
respectively, which was masked by a simultaneous increase in total fat
mass (+2.0%). Among women, a decline in fat-free mass was observed
after 2 yr only (0.6%) with no change in ALST and body fat mass.
After 2 yr, the decline in ALST was greater in blacks than whites.
Change in total body mass was associated with change in ALST
(r = +0.58 to +0.70; P < 0.0001).
Among participants who lost total body mass, men lost relatively more
ALST than women, and blacks lost relatively more ALST than whites. In
conclusion, the mean change in body composition after a 1- to 2-yr
follow-up was 1-2% with a high interindividual variability. Loss
of ALST was greater in men compared with women, and greater in blacks
compared with whites, suggesting that men and blacks may be more prone
to muscle loss.
lean soft tissue; longitudinal study; sarcopenia; race; gender; dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
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