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Departments of 1 Radiation Medicine, Radiobiology Program, and 6 Biochemistry and Microbiology, Division of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Loma Linda University and Medical Center, Loma Linda, California 92354; 4 Department of Aerospace Engineering, BioServe Space Technologies, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0429; 5 Bioengineering Department, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634; 2 Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine 04609; and 3 Amgen Incorporated, Thousand Oaks, California 91320-1789
There are several aspects of the spaceflight environment that may lead to changes in immunity: mission-related psychological stress, radiation, and changes in gravity. On December 5, 2001, the space shuttle Endeavor launched for a 12-day mission to examine these effects on C57BL/6 mice for the first time. On their return, assays were performed on the spleen, blood, and bone marrow. In response to flight, there were no significant differences in the general circulating leukocyte proportions. In contrast, there was an increase in splenic lymphocyte percentages, with a corresponding decrease in granulocytes. There was an overall shift in splenic lymphocytes away from T cells toward B cells, and a decrease in the CD4-to-CD8 ratios due to a decrease in T helpers. In contrast, there were proportional increases in bone marrow T cells, with decreases in B cells. Although the blast percentage and count were decreased in flight mice, the CD34+ population was increased. The data were more consistent with a shift in bone marrow populations rather than a response to changes in the periphery. Many of the results are similar to those using other models. Clearly, spaceflight can influence immune parameters ranging from hematopoiesis to mature leukocyte mechanisms.
microgravity; immune system; T cells; B cells; natural killer cells; stem cells
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