Journal of Applied Physiology
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J Appl Physiol 94: 1917-1925, 2003. First published January 17, 2003; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01130.2002
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Vol. 94, Issue 5, 1917-1925, May 2003

Carbohydrate ingestion influences skeletal muscle cytokine mRNA and plasma cytokine levels after a 3-h run

D. C. Nieman1, J. M. Davis2, D. A. Henson1, J. Walberg-Rankin3, M. Shute3, C. L. Dumke1, A. C. Utter1, D. M. Vinci1, J. A. Carson2, A. Brown2, W. J. Lee2, S. R. McAnulty1, and L. S. McAnulty1

1 Department of Health and Exercise Science, Fischer Hamilton/Nycom Biochemistry Laboratory, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina 28608; 2 Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208; and 3 Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0430

Sixteen experienced marathoners ran on treadmills for 3 h at ~70% maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) on two occasions while receiving 1 l/h carbohydrate (CHO) or placebo (Pla) beverages. Blood and vastus lateralis muscle biopsy samples were collected before and after exercise. Plasma was analyzed for IL-6, IL-10, IL-1 receptor agonist (IL-1ra), IL-8, cortisol, glucose, and insulin. Muscle was analyzed for glycogen content and relative gene expression of 13 cytokines by using real-time quantitative RT-PCR. Plasma glucose and insulin were higher, and cortisol, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-1ra, but not IL-8, were significantly lower postexercise in CHO vs. Pla. Change in muscle glycogen content did not differ between CHO and Pla (P = 0.246). Muscle cytokine mRNA content was detected preexercise for seven cytokines in this order (highest to lowest): IL-15, TNF-alpha , IL-8, IL-1beta , IL-12p35, IL-6, and IFN-gamma . After subjects ran for 3 h, gene expression above prerun levels was measured for five of these cytokines: IL-1beta , IL-6, and IL-8 (large increases), and IL-10 and TNF-alpha (small increases). The increase in mRNA (fold difference from preexercise) was attenuated in CHO (15.9-fold) compared with Pla (35.2-fold) for IL-6 (P = 0.071) and IL-8 (CHO, 7.8-fold; Pla, 23.3-fold; P = 0.063). CHO compared with Pla beverage ingestion attenuates the increase in plasma IL-6, IL-10, and IL-1ra and gene expression for IL-6 and IL-8 in athletes running 3 h at 70% VO2 max despite no differences in muscle glycogen content.

muscle glycogen; real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction; cortisol; glucose


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