Journal of Applied Physiology AJP: Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology
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J Appl Physiol 94: 891-896, 2003; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01197.2001
8750-7587/03 $5.00
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Vol. 94, Issue 3, 891-896, March 2003

Retinal venous oxygen saturation and cardiac output during controlled hemorrhage and resuscitation

Kurt R. Denninghoff1, Matthew H. Smith2, Art Lompado2, and Lloyd W. Hillman2

1 Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham 35249; and 2 Department of Physics, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama 35899

The objective was to test calibration of an eye oximeter (EOX) in a vitiligo swine eye and correlate retinal venous oxygen saturation (SrvO2), mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2), and cardiac output (CO) during robust changes in blood volume. Ten anesthetized adult Sinclair swine with retinal vitiligo were placed on stepwise decreasing amounts of oxygen. At each oxygen level, femoral artery oxygen saturation (SaO2) and retinal artery oxygen saturation (SraO2) were obtained. After equilibration on 100% O2, subjects were bled at 1.4 ml · kg-1 · min-1 for 20 min. Subsequently, anticoagulated shed blood was reinfused at the same rate. During graded hypoxia, exsanguination, and reinfusion, SraO2 and SrvO2 were measured by using the EOX, and CO and SvO2 were measured by using a pulmonary artery catheter. During graded hypoxia, SraO2 correlated with SaO2 (r = 0.92). SrvO2 correlated with SvO2 (r = 0.89) during exsanguination and reinfusion. SvO2 and SrvO2 correlated with CO during blood removal and resuscitation (r = 0.92). Use of vitiligo retinas improved the calibration of EOX measurements. In this robust hemorrhage model, SrvO2 correlates with CO and SvO2 across the range of exsanguination and resuscitation.

retinal oximetry; noninvasive monitoring; swine; calibration


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