Journal of Applied Physiology
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J Appl Physiol 94: 1039-1044, 2003. First published November 8, 2002; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00720.2002
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Vol. 94, Issue 3, 1039-1044, March 2003

Metabolic, thermoregulatory, and perceptual responses during exercise after lower vs. whole body precooling

Andrea T. White1, Scott L. Davis1, and Thad E. Wilson2

1 Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112; and 2 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Southwest Missouri State University, Springfield, Missouri 65804

The purpose of this investigation was to compare the thermoregulatory, metabolic, and perceptual effects of lower body (LBI) and whole body (WBI) immersion precooling techniques during submaximal exercise. Eleven healthy men completed two 30-min cycling bouts at 60% of maximal O2 uptake preceded by immersion to the suprailiac crest (LBI) or clavicle (WBI) in 20°C water. WBI produced significantly lower rectal temperature (Tre) during minutes 24-30 of immersion and lower Tre, mean skin temperature, and mean body temperature for the first 24, 14, and 16 min of exercise, respectively. Body heat storage rates differed significantly for LBI and WBI during immersion and exercise, although no net differences were observed between conditions. For WBI, metabolic heat production and heart rate were significantly higher during immersion but not during exercise. Thermal sensation was significantly lower (felt colder) and thermal discomfort was significantly higher (less comfortable) for WBI during immersion and exercise. In conclusion, WBI and LBI attenuated Tre increases during submaximal exercise and produced similar net heat storage over the protocol. LBI minimized metabolic increases and negative perceptual effects associated with WBI.

body temperature; water immersion; metabolic heat production; body heat storage


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