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J Appl Physiol 94: 1025-1032, 2003. First published November 27, 2002; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00735.2002
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Vol. 94, Issue 3, 1025-1032, March 2003

Antioxidants attenuate the plasma cytokine response to exercise in humans

Theodoros Vassilakopoulos, Maria-Helena Karatza, Paraskevi Katsaounou, Androniki Kollintza, Spyros Zakynthinos, and Charis Roussos

Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Services, University of Athens Medical School, Evangelismos Hospital, GR-10675 Athens, Greece

Exercise increases plasma TNF-alpha , IL-1beta , and IL-6, yet the stimuli and sources of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta remain largely unknown. We tested the role of oxidative stress and the potential contribution of monocytes in this cytokine (especially IL-1beta ) response in previously untrained individuals. Six healthy nonathletes performed two 45-min bicycle exercise sessions at 70% of VO2 max before and after a combination of antioxidants (vitamins E, A, and C for 60 days; allopurinol for 15 days; and N-acetylcysteine for 3 days). Blood was drawn at baseline, end-exercise, and 30 and 120 min postexercise. Plasma cytokines were determined by ELISA and monocyte intracellular cytokine level by flow cytometry. Before antioxidants, TNF-alpha increased by 60%, IL-1beta by threefold, and IL-6 by sixfold secondary to exercise (P < 0.05). After antioxidants, plasma IL-1beta became undetectable, the TNF-alpha response to exercise was abolished, and the IL-6 response was significantly blunted (P < 0.05). Exercise did not increase the percentage of monocytes producing the cytokines or their mean fluorescence intensity. We conclude that in untrained humans oxidative stress is a major stimulus for exercise-induced cytokine production and that monocytes play no role in this process.

interleukins; flow cytometry; oxidative stress; ergometry; vitamins


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