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J Appl Physiol 94: 525-532, 2003. First published October 25, 2002; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00226.2002
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Vol. 94, Issue 2, 525-532, February 2003

Sleep apnea and effect of chemostimulation on breathing instability in mice

Akira Nakamura1, Yasuichiro Fukuda1, and Tomoyuki Kuwaki1,2

Departments of 1 Autonomic Physiology and 2 Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba-city, Chiba 260-8670, Japan

Sleep apnea occurs in humans and experimental animals. We examined whether it also arises in adult mice. Ventilation in male adult 129/Sv mice was recorded concomitantly by electroencephalograms and electromyograms for 6 h by use of body plethysmography. Apnea was defined as cessation of plethysmographic signals for longer than two respiratory cycles. While mice breathed room air, 32.3 ± 6.9 (mean ± SE, n = 5) apneas were observed during sleep but not in quiet awake periods. Sleep apneas were further classified into two types. Postsigh apneas occurred exclusively during slow-wave sleep (SWS), whereas spontaneous apneas arose during both SWS and rapid eye movement sleep. Compared with room air (9.1 ± 1.4/h of SWS), postsigh apneas were more frequent in hypoxia (13.7 ± 2.1) and less frequent in hyperoxia (3.6 ± 1.7) and hypercapnia (2.8 ± 2.1). Our data indicated that significant sleep apnea occurs in normal adult mice and suggested that the mouse could be a promising experimental model with which to study the genetic and molecular basis of respiratory regulation during sleep.

sleep apnea syndromes; respiration; control of breathing; whole body plethysmography


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