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J Appl Physiol 94: 507-517, 2003. First published October 11, 2002; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00367.2002
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Vol. 94, Issue 2, 507-517, February 2003

Effects of age and exercise on physiological dead space during simulated dives at 2.8 ATA

H. J. Mummery, B. W. Stolp, G. deL. Dear, P. O. Doar, M. J. Natoli, A. E. Boso, J. D. Archibald, G. W. Hobbs, H. E. El-Moalem, and R. E. Moon

Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Environmental Physiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710

Physiological dead space (VDS), end-tidal CO2 (PETCO2), and arterial CO2 (PaCO2) were measured at 1 and 2.8 ATA in a dry hyperbaric chamber in 10 older (58-74 yr) and 10 younger (19-39 yr) air-breathing subjects during rest and two levels of upright exercise on a cycle ergometer. At pressure, VD (liters BTPS) increased from 0.34 ± 0.09 (mean ± SD of all subjects for normally distributed data, median ± interquartile range otherwise) to 0.40 ± 0.09 (P = 0.0060) at rest, 0.35 ± 0.13 to 0.45 ± 0.11 (P = 0.0003) during light exercise, and 0.38 ± 0.17 to 0.45 ± 0.13 (P = 0.0497) during heavier exercise. During these conditions, PaCO2 (Torr) increased from 33.8 ± 4.2 to 35.7 ± 4.4 (P = 0.0059), 35.3 ± 3.2 to 39.4 ± 3.1 (P < 0.0001), and 29.6 ± 5.6 to 37.4 ± 6.5 (P < 0.0001), respectively. During exercise, PETCO2 overestimated PaCO2, although the absolute difference was less at pressure. Capnography poorly estimated PaCO2 during exercise at 1 and 2.8 ATA because of wide variability. Older subjects had higher VD at 1 ATA but similar changes in VD, PaCO2, and PETCO2 at pressure. These results are consistent with an effect of increased gas density.

pulmonary gas exchange; hypercapnia; hyperbaric; end-tidal CO2; arterial CO2; aging


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