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J Appl Physiol 94: 499-506, 2003; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00436.2002
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Vol. 94, Issue 2, 499-506, February 2003

Percent body fat via DEXA: comparison with a four-compartment model

Grant E. van der Ploeg1, Robert T. Withers1, and Joe Laforgia2

1 Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Education, Flinders University, and 2 School of Pharmaceutical, Molecular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5001, Australia

This study compared body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA; Lunar DPX-L) with that via a four-compartment (4C; water, bone mineral mass, fat, and residual) model. Relative body fat was determined for 152 healthy adults [30.0 ± 11.1 (SD) yr; 75.10 ± 14.88 kg; 176.3 ± 8.7 cm] aged from 18 to 59 yr. The 4C approach [20.7% body fat (%BF)] resulted in a significantly (P < 0.001) higher mean %BF compared with DEXA (18.9% BF), with intraindividual variations ranging from -2.6 to 7.3% BF. Linear regression and a Bland and Altman plot demonstrated the tendency for DEXA to progressively underestimate the %BF of leaner individuals compared with the criterion 4C model (4C %BF = 0.862 × DEXA %BF + 4.417; r2 = 0.952, standard error of estimate = 1.6% BF). This bias was not attributable to variations in fat-free mass hydration but may have been due to beam-hardening errors that resulted from differences in anterior-posterior tissue thickness.

hydrodensitometry; isotopic dilution; multicompartment body composition models; dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry


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