| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Arkansas Children's Hospital, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72202
Development of the mammalian respiratory control system begins early in gestation and does not achieve mature form until weeks or months after birth. A relatively long gestation and period of postnatal maturation allows for prolonged pre- and postnatal interactions with the environment, including experiences such as episodic or chronic hypoxia, hyperoxia, and drug or toxin exposures. Developmental plasticity occurs when such experiences, during critical periods of maturation, result in long-term alterations in the structure or function of the respiratory control neural network. A critical period is a time window during development devoted to structural and/or functional shaping of the neural systems subserving respiratory control. Experience during the critical period can disrupt and alter developmental trajectory, whereas the same experience before or after has little or no effect. One of the clearest examples to date is blunting of the adult ventilatory response to acute hypoxia challenge by early postnatal hyperoxia exposure in the newborn. Developmental plasticity in neural respiratory control development can occur at multiple sites during formation of brain stem neuronal networks and chemoafferent pathways, at multiple times during development, by multiple mechanisms. Past concepts of respiratory control system maturation as rigidly predetermined by a genetic blueprint have now yielded to a different view in which extremely complex interactions between genes, transcriptional factors, growth factors, and other gene products shape the respiratory control system, and experience plays a key role in guiding normal respiratory control development. Early-life experiences may also lead to maladaptive changes in respiratory control. Pathological conditions as well as normal phenotypic diversity in mature respiratory control may have their roots, at least in part, in developmental plasticity.
hyperoxia; hypoxia; chemoreceptor; carotid body
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  C. L. Marcus, R. J. H. Smith, L. A. Mankarious, R. Arens, G. S. Mitchell, R. G. Elluru, V. Forte, S. Goudy, E. W. Jabs, A. A. Kane, et al. Developmental Aspects of the Upper Airway: Report from an NHLBI Workshop, March 5-6, 2009 Proceedings of the ATS, September 15, 2009; 6(6): 513 - 520. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Lumbroso and V. Joseph Impaired acclimatization to chronic hypoxia in adult male and female rats following neonatal hypoxia Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, August 1, 2009; 297(2): R421 - R427. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Pawar, Y.-J. Peng, F. J. Jacono, and N. R. Prabhakar Comparative analysis of neonatal and adult rat carotid body responses to chronic intermittent hypoxia J Appl Physiol, May 1, 2008; 104(5): 1287 - 1294. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. W. Bavis and G. S. Mitchell Long-term effects of the perinatal environment on respiratory control J Appl Physiol, April 1, 2008; 104(4): 1220 - 1229. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. R. Reeves and D. Gozal Respiratory: Protein kinase C activity in the nucleus tractus solitarii is critically involved in the acute hypoxic ventilatory response, but is not required for intermittent hypoxia-induced phrenic long-term facilitation in adult rats Exp Physiol, November 1, 2007; 92(6): 1057 - 1066. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. W. Bavis, F. L. Powell, A. Bradford, C. C.W. Hsia, J. E. Peltonen, J. Soliz, B. Zeis, E. K. Fergusson, Z. Fu, M. Gassmann, et al. Respiratory plasticity in response to changes in oxygen supply and demand Integr. Comp. Biol., October 1, 2007; 47(4): 532 - 551. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Szdzuy and J. P. Mortola Ventilatory chemosensitivity of the 1-day-old chicken hatchling after embryonic hypoxia Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, October 1, 2007; 293(4): R1640 - R1649. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Berner, Y. Shvarev, H. Lagercrantz, A. Bilkei-Gorzo, T. Hokfelt, and R. Wickstrom Altered respiratory pattern and hypoxic response in transgenic newborn mice lacking the tachykinin-1 gene J Appl Physiol, August 1, 2007; 103(2): 552 - 559. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. Fauroux and A. Clement Requisite for stringent control of oxygen therapy in the neonatal period Eur. Respir. J., January 1, 2007; 29(1): 4 - 5. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Q. Liu, T. F. Lowry, and M. T. T. Wong-Riley Postnatal changes in ventilation during normoxia and acute hypoxia in the rat: implication for a sensitive period J. Physiol., December 15, 2006; 577(3): 957 - 970. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. R. Reeves, G. S. Mitchell, and D. Gozal Early postnatal chronic intermittent hypoxia modifies hypoxic respiratory responses and long-term phrenic facilitation in adult rats Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, June 1, 2006; 290(6): R1664 - R1671. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. K. Soukhova-O'Hare, Z. Cheng, A. M. Roberts, and D. Gozal Postnatal intermittent hypoxia alters baroreflex function in adult rats Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, March 1, 2006; 290(3): H1157 - H1164. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Kinkead, R. Gulemetova, and A. Bairam Neonatal maternal separation enhances phrenic responses to hypoxia and carotid sinus nerve stimulation in the adult anesthetized rat J Appl Physiol, July 1, 2005; 99(1): 189 - 196. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. A. Waters and K. D. Tinworth Habituation of Arousal Responses after Intermittent Hypercapnic Hypoxia in Piglets Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., June 1, 2005; 171(11): 1305 - 1311. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y.-J. Peng, J. Rennison, and N. R. Prabhakar Intermittent hypoxia augments carotid body and ventilatory response to hypoxia in neonatal rat pups J Appl Physiol, November 1, 2004; 97(5): 2020 - 2025. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. W. Bavis, E. B. Olson Jr, E. H. Vidruk, D. D. Fuller, and G. S. Mitchell Developmental plasticity of the hypoxic ventilatory response in rats induced by neonatal hypoxia J. Physiol., June 1, 2004; 557(2): 645 - 660. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S.-E. Genest, R. Gulemetova, S. Laforest, G. Drolet, and R. Kinkead Neonatal maternal separation and sex-specific plasticity of the hypoxic ventilatory response in awake rat J. Physiol., January 15, 2004; 554(2): 543 - 557. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Q. Liu and M. T. T. Wong-Riley Postnatal changes in cytochrome oxidase expressions in brain stem nuclei of rats: implications for sensitive periods J Appl Physiol, December 1, 2003; 95(6): 2285 - 2291. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. W. Bavis, E. B. Olson Jr., E. H. Vidruk, G. E. Bisgard, and G. S. Mitchell Level and duration of developmental hyperoxia influence impairment of hypoxic phrenic responses in rats J Appl Physiol, October 1, 2003; 95(4): 1550 - 1559. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. S. Mitchell and S. M. Johnson Plasticity in Respiratory Motor Control: Invited Review: Neuroplasticity in respiratory motor control J Appl Physiol, January 1, 2003; 94(1): 358 - 374. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| Visit Other APS Journals Online |
