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J Appl Physiol 94: 155-164, 2003. First published September 20, 2002; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00722.2002
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Vol. 94, Issue 1, 155-164, January 2003

Carotid body denervation eliminates apnea in response to transient hypocapnia

Hideaki Nakayama1, Curtis A. Smith1, Joshua R. Rodman1, James B. Skatrud2, and Jerome A. Dempsey1

1 John Rankin Laboratory of Pulmonary Medicine, and 2 Departments of Population Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin 53726

We determined the effects on breathing of transient ventilatory overshoots and concomitant hypocapnia, as produced by pressure support mechanical ventilation (PSV), in intact and carotid body chemoreceptor denervated (CBX) sleeping dogs. In the intact dog, PSV-induced transient increases in tidal volume and hypocapnia caused apnea within 10-11 s, followed by repetitive two-breath clusters separated by apneas, i.e., periodic breathing (PB). After CBX, significant expiratory time prolongation did not occur until after 30 s of PSV-induced hypocapnia, and PB never occurred. Average apneas of 8.4 ± 1-s duration after a ventilatory overshoot required a decrease below eupnea of end-tidal PCO2 5.1 ± 0.4 Torr below eupnea in the intact animal and 10.1 ± 2 Torr in the CBX dog, where the former reflected peripheral and the latter central dynamic CO2 chemoresponsiveness, as tested in the absence of peripheral chemoreceptor input. Hyperoxia when the dogs were intact shortened PSV-induced apneas and reduced PB but did not mimic the effects of CBX. We conclude that, during non-rapid eye movement sleep, carotid chemoreceptors are required to produce apneas that normally occur after a transient ventilatory overshoot and for PB.

non-rapid eye movement sleep; central apnea; sleep-disordered breathing; ventilatory overshoot; mechanical ventilation; central chemoreceptors


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