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Department of Health and Human Performance, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849-5323
The purpose of this investigation was
to examine the effect of rhythmic tetanic skeletal muscle contractions
on peak muscle perfusion by using spontaneously perfused canine
gastrocnemii in situ. Simultaneous pulsatile blood pressures were
measured by means of transducers placed in the popliteal artery and
vein, and pulsatile flow was measured with a flow-through-type
transit-time ultrasound probe placed in the venous return line. Two
series of experiments were performed. In series 1, maximal
vasodilation of the muscles' vascular beds was elicited by infusing a
normal saline solution containing adenosine (29.3 mg/min) and sodium nitroprusside (180 µg/min) for 15 s and then simultaneously
occluding both the popliteal artery and vein for 5 min. The release of
occlusion initiated a maximal hyperemic response, during which time
four tetanic contractions were induced with supramaximal voltage
(6-8 V, 0.2-ms stimuli for 200-ms duration at 50 Hz, 1/s). In
series 2, the muscles were stimulated for 3 min before the
muscle contractions were stopped for a period of 3 s; stimulation
was then resumed. The results of series 1 indicate that,
although contractions lowered venous pressure, muscle blood flow was
significantly reduced from 2,056 ± 246 to 1,738 ± 225 ml · kg
1 · min1
when contractions were initiated and then increased significantly to
1,925 ± 225 ml · kg1 · min1
during the first 5 s after contractions were stopped. In
series 2, blood flow after 3 min of contractions averaged
1,454 ± 149 ml · kg1 · min1.
Stopping the contractions for 3 s caused blood flow to increase significantly to 1,874 ± 172 ml · kg1 · min1;
blood flow declined significantly to 1,458 ± 139 ml · kg1 · min1
when contractions were resumed. We conclude that the mechanical action
of rhythmic, synchronous, maximal isometric tetanic skeletal muscle
contractions inhibits peak muscle perfusion during maximal and
near-maximal vasodilation of the muscle's vascular bed. This argues
against a primary role for the muscle pump in achieving peak skeletal
muscle blood flow.
blood flow; vasodilation; venous pressure; adenosine; nitroprusside
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