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J Appl Physiol 93: 2105-2111, 2002. First published August 30, 2002; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00315.2002
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Vol. 93, Issue 6, 2105-2111, December 2002

Decline in insulin action with age in endurance-trained humans

Christopher M. Clevenger1, Pamela Parker Jones1, Hirofumi Tanaka1, Douglas R. Seals1,2,3, and Christopher A. DeSouza1,3

1 Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309; and Divisions of 2 Cardiology and 3 Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado 80262

We tested the hypothesis that regular endurance exercise prevents the age-related decline in insulin action typically observed in healthy, sedentary adults. An index of whole body insulin sensitivity (ISI), obtained from minimal model analysis of insulin and glucose concentrations during a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test, was determined in 126 healthy adults: 25 young [27 ± 1 (SE) yr; 13 men/12 women] and 43 older (59 ± 1 yr; 20/13) sedentary and 25 young (29 ± 1 yr; 12/13) and 33 older (60 ± 1 yr; 20/13) endurance trained. ISI values were lower in the older vs. young adults in both sedentary (-53%; 3.9 ± 0.3 vs. 7.0 ± 0.7 ×10-4 · min-1 · µU-1 · ml-1; P < 0.01) and endurance-trained (-36%; 7.9 ± 0.6 vs. 12.4 ± 1.0 ×10-4 min-1 · µU-1 · ml-1; P < 0.01) groups, but the value was 72-102% higher in the trained subjects at either age (P < 0.01). In subgroup analysis of sedentary and endurance-trained adults with similar body fat levels (n = 62), the age-related reduction in ISI persisted only in the endurance-trained subjects (12.9 ± 1.9 vs. 8.7 ± 1.2 ×10-4 · min-1 · µU-1 · ml-1; P < 0.01). The results of the present study suggest that habitual endurance exercise does not prevent the age-associated decline insulin action. Moreover, the age-related reduction in ISI in endurance-trained adults appears to be independent of adiposity.

insulin resistance; sedentary; physical activity; glucose metabolism


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