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J Appl Physiol 93: 2029-2033, 2002; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00179.2002
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Vol. 93, Issue 6, 2029-2033, December 2002

Male and female rats express similar blood pressure responses to "push-pull" gravitational stress

Amy L. Hakeman and Don D. Sheriff

Department of Exercise Science, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242

Brief exposure to -Gz ("push") reduces eye-level blood pressure (ELBP) during subsequent exposure to +Gz ("pull"). This is called the "push-pull effect." To evaluate the influence of gender and the axis of rotation (pitch vs. roll) on the push-pull effect, 10 isoflurane-anesthetized male and 10 female Sprague-Dawley rats were restrained supine on a heated tilt board. Rats were subjected to two G profiles: a control profile consisting of rotation from 0 Gz to 90° head-up tilt (+1 Gz) for 10 s and a push-pull profile consisting of rotation from 0 Gz to 90° head-down tilt (-1 Gz) for 2 s immediately preceding 10 s of +1 Gz stress. A total of 16 tilts consisting of equal numbers of control and push-pull trials and equal numbers of pitch and roll rotations were imposed by using a counterbalanced design. Gender exerted a significant effect on baseline (0 Gz) ELBP (pressure was ~4 mmHg higher in females). In males and females, ELBP rose to a similar extent (~8 mmHg) during push, fell to a similar extent (~18 mmHg) during control +Gz stress, and fell to a similar extent (~22 mmHg) during push-pull +Gz stress. Altering the axis of rotation between the x-axis (roll) and the y-axis (pitch) did not influence the results. Thus males and females exhibit a push-pull effect; however, gender and axis of rotation do not appear to influence the push-pull effect in anesthetized rats subjected to tilting.

hypogravity; hypergravity; gravity tolerance; cerebral perfusion; orthostatic tolerance


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