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J Appl Physiol 93: 1716-1722, 2002. First published August 9, 2002; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01117.2001
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Vol. 93, Issue 5, 1716-1722, November 2002

Water exchange induced by unilateral exercise in active and inactive skeletal muscles

Anders T. Nygren and Lennart Kaijser

Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge University Hospital, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden

Water exchange was evaluated in active (E-leg) and inactive skeletal muscles by using 1H-magnetic resonance imaging. Six healthy subjects performed one-legged plantar flexion exercise at low and high workloads. Magnetic resonance imaging measured calf cross-sectional area (CSA), transverse relaxation time (T2), and apparent diffusion capacity (ADC) at rest and during recovery. After high workload, inactive muscle decreased CSA and T2 by 2.1% (P < 0.05) and 3.1% (P < 0.05), respectively, and left ADC unchanged. E-leg simultaneously increased CSA, T2, and ADC by 4.2% (P < 0.001), 15.5% (P < 0.05), and 12.5% (P < 0.001), respectively. In conclusion, ADC and T2 correlated highly with muscle volume, indicative of extravascular water displacement closely related to muscle activity and perfusion, which was presumably a combined effect of increased intracellular osmoles and hydrostatic forces as driving forces. A distinguishable muscle temperature release was initially detected in the E-leg after high workload, and the ensuing recovery of ADC and T2 indicated delayed interstitial restitution than restitution of the intracellular compartment. Furthermore, absorption of extravascular water was detected in inactive muscles at contralateral high-intensity exercise.

diffusion; magnetic resonance imaging; tissue water; transverse relaxation time


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