Journal of Applied Physiology
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J Appl Physiol 93: 1691-1697, 2002. First published July 12, 2002; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00376.2002
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Vol. 93, Issue 5, 1691-1697, November 2002

Circulating hematopoietic progenitor cells in runners

Maria R. Bonsignore1, Giuseppe Morici2, Alessandra Santoro3, Maria Pagano3, Lucia Cascio3, Anna Bonanno1, Pietro Abate1, Franco Mirabella1, Mirella Profita1, Giuseppe Insalaco1, Maria Gioia3, A. Maurizio Vignola1, Ignazio Majolino3, Ugo Testa4, and James C. Hogg5

1 Institute of Respiratory Pathophysiology, National Research Council, and 3 Department of Hematology and Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Ospedale V. Cervello, 90146 Palermo; 2 Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Palermo, 90129 Palermo; and 4 Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; and 5 University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4

Because endurance exercise causes release of mediators and growth factors active on the bone marrow, we asked whether it might affect circulating hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) in amateur runners [n = 16, age: 41.8 ± 13.5 (SD) yr, training: 93.8 ± 31.8 km/wk] compared with sedentary controls (n = 9, age: 39.4 ± 10.2 yr). HPCs, plasma cortisol, interleukin (IL)-6, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), and the growth factor fms-like tyrosine kinase-3 (flt3)-ligand were measured at rest and after a marathon (M; n = 8) or half-marathon (HM; n = 8). Circulating HPC counts (i.e., CD34+ cells and their subpopulations) were three- to fourfold higher in runners than in controls at baseline. They were unaffected by HM or M acutely but decreased the morning postrace. Baseline cortisol, flt3-ligand, IL-6, and G-CSF levels were similar in runners and controls. IL-6 and G-CSF increased to higher levels after M compared with HM, whereas cortisol and flt3-ligand increased similarly postrace. Our data suggest that increased HPCs reflect an adaptation response to recurrent, exercise-associated release of neutrophils and stress and inflammatory mediators, indicating modulation of bone marrow activity by habitual running.

cytokines; growth factors; marathon; endurance training


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