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Department of Sports Medicine, Research Center on Aging and Adaptation, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
We assessed the effects of aerobic
and/or resistance training on thermoregulatory responses in older men
and analyzed the results in relation to the changes in peak oxygen
consumption rate (
O2 peak) and
blood volume (BV). Twenty-three older men [age, 64 ± 1 (SE) yr; O2 peak, 32.7 ± 1.1 ml · kg
1 · min1] were
divided into three training regimens for 18 wk: control (C;
n = 7), aerobic training (AT; n = 8),
and resistance training (RT; n = 8). Subjects in C were
allowed to perform walking of ~10,000 steps/day, 6-7 days/wk.
Subjects in AT exercised on a cycle ergometer at 50-80%
O2 peak for 60 min/day, 3 days/wk, in addition to the walking. Subjects in RT performed a resistance exercise, including knee extension and flexion at 60-80% of one repetition maximum, two to three sets of eight repetitions per day, 3 days/wk, in addition to the walking. After 18 wk of training, O2 peak increased by 5.2 ± 3.4% in C (P > 0.07), 20.0 ± 2.5% in AT
(P < 0.0001), and 9.7 ± 5.1% in RT
(P < 0.003), but BV remained unchanged in all trials.
In addition, the esophageal temperature (Tes) thresholds
for forearm skin vasodilation and sweating, determined during 30-min
exercise of 60% O2 peak at 30°C,
decreased in AT (P < 0.02) and RT (P < 0.02) but not in C (P > 0.2). In contrast,
the slopes of forearm skin vascular conductance/Tes and
sweat rate/Tes remained unchanged in all trials, but both
increased in subjects with increased BV irrespective of trials with
significant correlations between the changes in the slopes and BV
(P < 0.005 and P < 0.0005, respectively). Thus aerobic and/or resistance training in older
men increased O2 peak and lowered
Tes thresholds for forearm skin vasodilation and sweating but did not increase BV. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the increase in skin vasodilation and sweating at a given increase in
Tes was more associated with BV than with
O2 peak.
aerobic training; resistance training; skin blood flow; sweating
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