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J Appl Physiol 93: 782-787, 2002; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01266.2001
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Vol. 93, Issue 2, 782-787, August 2002

HIGHLIGHTED TOPICS
Exercise Effects on Muscle Insulin Signaling and Action
Invited Review: Regulation of skeletal muscle GLUT-4 expression by exercise

G. Lynis Dohm

Department of Biochemistry, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858

The amount of GLUT-4 protein is a primary factor in determining the maximal rate of glucose transport into skeletal muscle. Therefore, it is important that we understand how exercise regulates GLUT-4 expression so that therapeutic strategies can be designed to increase muscle glucose disposal as a treatment for diabetes. Muscle contraction increases the rates of GLUT-4 transcription and translation. Transcriptional control likely requires at least two DNA binding proteins, myocyte enhancer factor-2 and GLUT-4 enhancer factor, which bind to the promoter. Increased GLUT-4 expression may be mediated by the enzyme AMP-activated kinase, which is activated during exercise and has been demonstrated to increase GLUT-4 transcription. Further research needs to be done to investigate whether AMP-activated kinase activates myocyte enhancer factor-2 and GLUT-4 enhancer factor to increase transcription of the GLUT-4 gene.

glucose transporter-4 promoter; myocyte enhancer factor-2; adenosine 5'-monophosphate kinase; transgenic mice


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