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J Appl Physiol 93: 576-580, 2002. First published April 26, 2002; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00241.2002
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Vol. 93, Issue 2, 576-580, August 2002

Interactive effect of hypoxia and otolith organ engagement on cardiovascular regulation in humans

Kevin D. Monahan and Chester A. Ray

Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Division of Cardiology, General Clinical Research Center, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033

We determined the interaction between the vestibulosympathetic reflex and the arterial chemoreflex in 12 healthy subjects. Subjects performed three trials in which continuous recordings of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and arterial oxygen saturation were obtained. First, in prone subjects the otolith organs were engaged by use of head-down rotation (HDR). Second, the arterial chemoreflex was activated by inspiration of hypoxic gas (10% O2 and 90% N2) for 7 min with HDR being performed during minute 6. Third, hypoxia was repeated (15 min) with HDR being performed during minute 14. HDR [means ± SE; increase (Delta )7 ± 1 bursts/min and Delta 50 ± 11% for burst frequency and total MSNA, respectively; P < 0.05] and hypoxia (Delta 6 ± 2 bursts/min and Delta 62 ± 29%; P < 0.05) increased MSNA. Additionally, MSNA increased when HDR was performed during hypoxia (Delta 11 ± 2 bursts/min and Delta 127 ± 57% change from normoxia; P < 0.05). These increases in MSNA were similar to the algebraic sum of the individual increase in MSNA elicited by HDR and hypoxia (Delta 13 ± 1 bursts/min and Delta 115 ± 36%). Increases in MAP (Delta 3 ± 1 mmHg) and HR (Delta 19 ± 1 beats/min) during combined HDR and hypoxia generally were smaller (P < 0.05) than the algebraic sum of the individual responses (Delta 5 ± 1 mmHg and Delta 24 ± 2 beats/min for MAP and HR, respectively; P < 0.05). These findings indicate an additive interaction between the vestibulosympathetic reflex and arterial chemoreflex for MSNA. Therefore, it appears that MSNA outputs between the vestibulosympathetic reflex and arterial chemoreflex are independent of one another in humans.

autonomic nervous system; muscle sympathetic nerve activity; blood pressure; chemoreflex; baroreflex


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