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J Appl Physiol 92: 2236-2244, 2002. First published February 8, 2002; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00762.2001
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Vol. 92, Issue 6, 2236-2244, June 2002

Mechanical properties of the passive pharynx in Vietnamese pot-bellied pigs. II. Dynamics

Stephanie A. Tuck and John E. Remmers

Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1

We described the dynamic mechanical properties of the passive pharynx in Vietnamese pot-bellied pigs and the effects of caudal tracheal displacement. During general anesthesia and neuromuscular blockade, airflow through the upper airway (V) and pharyngeal cross-sectional area were measured during ramp decreases in pressure downstream from the pharynx (Pdown). Measurements were made with 0, 1, and 2 cm of caudal tracheal displacement. Airflow limitation and/or negative pressure dependence (NPD) were observed in all animals. Tracheal displacement (2 cm) increased maximal V (Vmax) by 205.1 ± 105.1% (P < 0.05) relative to the value with no displacement and increased the magnitude of NPD, expressed as percent decrease in V from Vmax, from 22.9 ± 27.4 to 56.6 ± 37.5% (P < 0.05). Initial decreases in Pdown narrowed all levels of the pharynx, but, once Vmax was reached, further decreases in Pdown narrowed the hypopharynx but not the nasopharynx and oropharynx. We conclude that the hypopharynx is the flow-limiting site in the pig pharynx. Tracheal displacement not only improved airflow dynamics as Vmax increased but also resulted in pronounced NPD.

caudal tracheal displacement; sleep apnea; airflow limitation; negative-pressure dependence


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