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J Appl Physiol 92: 1851-1858, 2002; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00881.2001
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Vol. 92, Issue 5, 1851-1858, May 2002

Mechanical ventilation results in progressive contractile dysfunction in the diaphragm

Scott K. Powers1,2,3, R. Andrew Shanely1, Jeff S. Coombes1, Thomas J. Koesterer1, Michael McKenzie1, Darin Van Gammeren1, Michael Cicale2, and Stephen L. Dodd1

Departments of 1 Exercise and Sport Sciences and 2 Physiology and Medicine, and 3 Center for Exercise Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611

These experiments tested the hypothesis that a relatively short duration of controlled mechanical ventilation (MV) will impair diaphragmatic maximal specific force generation (specific Po) and that this force deficit will be exacerbated with increased time on the ventilator. To test this postulate, adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into one of six experimental groups: 1) control (n = 12); 2) 12 h of MV (n = 4); 3) 18 h of MV (n = 4); 4) 18 h of anesthesia and spontaneous breathing (n = 4); 5) 24 h of MV (n = 7); and 6) 24 h of anesthesia and spontaneous breathing (n = 4). MV animals were anesthetized, tracheostomized, and ventilated with room air. Animals in the control group were acutely anesthetized but were not exposed to MV. Animals in two spontaneous breathing groups were anesthetized and breathed spontaneously for either 18 or 24 h. No differences (P > 0.05) existed in diaphragmatic specific Po between control and the two spontaneous breathing groups. In contrast, compared with control, all durations of MV resulted in a reduction (P < 0.05) in diaphragmatic specific tension at stimulation frequencies ranging from 15 to 160 Hz. Furthermore, the MV-induced decrease in diaphragmatic specific Po was time dependent, with specific Po being ~18 and ~46% lower (P < 0.05) in animals mechanically ventilated for 12 and 24 h, respectively. These data support the hypothesis that relatively short-term MV impairs diaphragmatic contractile function and that the magnitude of MV-induced force deficit increases with time on the ventilator.

respiratory muscles; muscle atrophy; weaning from mechanical ventilation; muscle injury


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