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Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
Little is known about the
effect of chronic hypobaric hypoxia on the enzymes and transporters
involved in lactate metabolism. We looked at the protein expression of
monocarboxylate transporters MCT 1, MCT 2, and MCT 4, along with total
lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and LDH isozymes in skeletal muscle,
cardiac muscle, and liver. Expression of these components of the
lactate shuttle affects the ability to transport and oxidize lactate.
We hypothesized that the expression of MCTs and LDH would increase
after acclimation to high altitude (HA). The response to acclimation to
HA was, however, tissue specific. In addition, the response was
different in whole muscle (Mu) and mitochondria-enriched (Mi)
fractions. Heart, soleus, and plantaris muscles showed the greatest
response to HA. Acclimation resulted in a 34% increase in MCT 4 in
heart and a decrease in MCT 1 (
47%) and MCT 4 (47%) in plantaris
Mu. In Mi fractions, the heart had an increase (+40%) and soleus a decrease (40%) in LDH. HA also had a significant effect on the LDH
isozyme composition of both the Mu and Mi fractions. Mitochondrial density was decreased in both the soleus (17%) and plantaris (44%) as a result of chronic hypoxia. We conclude that chronic hypoxia had a tissue-specific effect on MCTs and LDH (that form the
lactate shuttle) but did not produce a consistent increase in these
components in all tissues.
monocarboxylate transporters; lactate dehydrogenase isozymes; lactate shuttle; lactate metabolism; high-altitude acclimation; cytochrome oxidase
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